Formula supplementation in hospital and subsequent feeding at discharge among women who intended to exclusively breastfeed: An administrative data retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Women and their infants who receive formula in hospital need additional support to attain exclusive breastfeeding by hospital discharge. Such support is especially needed for younger women, smokers, and women with breastfeeding difficulties.

Determinants of the offer of breast milk complements for newborns

“…This vulnerability can be justi ed by the absence of previous breastfeeding [16,21], inadequate milk perception, pain, breast milk problems [22] and cesarean section. The latter was associated to a 20% increase in the complement prevalence, corroborating the ndings in the pertinent literature [17]. When knowing that 46% of the children in this study were born from cesarean section -being even higher than the recommended by the WHO (10%) to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality -such association is worrying.…”

“…The maternal age under 29 years behaved as a protective factor, opposing the Australian study developed by Bentley and collaborators [17]. This study had the participation of mothers whose intention was to exclusively breastfeed.…”

“…Nevertheless, it is necessary to hold a careful assessment in such a way as to consider the type of delivery and parity, since, in a study performed by Isik and collaborators [29], there was no statistically signi cant correlation regarding the production of prolactin and these factors. Moreover, we should underline that, although the absence of colostrum is not justi able, if such condition is prolonged, the risk of hypoglycemia is eminent, especially in premature NB and gestational age [14,17]. Glycemia was one of the studied variables, but a limitation of its use was to have been collected in only 3 maternity wards.…”

“…In maternity wards, the offer of complements to EB is a frequent practice for low-risk neonates, even if they do not have justi able reasons through BFHI, with an approximate prevalence of 75% [10], varying among countries [11][12][13][14][15]. In Brazil, studies show a prevalence between 16% and 63.5% in different regions [7], being associated with the intrinsic conditions to NB (immediate absence of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the rst hour of life, the use of a paci er, di culty in latching and sucking, hypoglycemia and infection) and to the mother (age, previous experience of breastfeeding, obesity and gestational diabetes), as well as the absence of professional guidance in the prenatal and puerperium, besides the nonaccreditation of the maternity ward in BFHI are also associated with the indiscriminate offer of the complement [10,11,[13][14][15][16][17].…”

Determinants of in‐hospital feeding practices in Shiraz, Iran: Results of a prospective cohort study

“…Prolonged separation from the infant and difficulties in positioning the infant to breastfeed after a cesarean may result in infants being offered food and drinks other than breastmilk . In this and other studies, infants delivered by cesarean were more likely to receive formula than were infants delivered vaginally. While a cesarean delivery is recognized as a persistent barrier to early initiation of breastfeeding, it is not in itself a medically valid reason to delay breastfeeding or to give an infant formula, and immediate skin‐to‐skin contact and initiation of breastfeeding is feasible after a cesarean with local anesthesia …”