Formulación, fabricación y evaluación de una formula láctea para el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Complementaria en Chile.

Abstract

The complementary feeding national programme (PNAC) delivers 2 kg-month of dried full-fat cow's milk I.LP) to 0-1 year old infants. The ourpose of this work was to design, produce and evaluate nutrient stability and shelf life of a modified LP milk formula (LPM), which seems nutritionally more adequate for infants and is of s'milar cost than LP, to be included into the PNAC. LPM has the following attributes: P% 12.0 (LP 21.8%): casein/whey proteins rat'o: 40 to 50/60 to 50 (LP 80/20); more digestible fats; essential fatty acids: > 4% of total calories; vitamins and minerals which cover 100% daily requirements ; or 0 to 6 months old infants; prote ; n and energy can be modulated between 1,5 and 2.25 g/100 ml and 50-75 kcal/100 ml respectively, forty tons of LPM were produced in accordance with our specifications for a field study, Quality controls on the product showed the production feasibility of such a formula at a lower price than LP. To determine shelf life, periodical analysis of peroxides, available lyslne, ascorbic ac:d and linoleic acid were carried out in LPM stored for 1 year at 20°C and 37°C. It was found that LPM has an optimum shelf life of 7 months when packed in the same material that is now being ; n use for LP. Its is suggested that 3 kg-month of LPM could be delivered if the product is to be included into the PNAC, because in comparison with 2 kg-month of LP, this would mean an adequate protein supply, a 50% increase in energy supo'V and an additional cost of only 20%. (Key words: infant formula, design, shelf life, quality control).El Ministerio de Salud de Chile, a traves del "Programa Nacional de Alimentacion Complementaria" (PNAC) entrega 2 kg por mes de leche entera de vaca en polvo (LP) a los ninos de 0 a 1 afio.La LP reconstituida a 10% aporta 2,7 g protemas/100 ml, que equivalen a 5,45 g protemas/ 100 kcal, muy por encima de las recomendaciones para nifios de esta edad, que son entre 1,2 y 1,9 g protemas/100 ml y 1,8 a 2,8 g proteinas/100 kcal 1 . El aporte de protemas, expresado como porcentaje de las calorfas (P%), es considerablernente mayor para la leche de vaca (P% 21,8) que para la leche materna (P% 6,6), mientras las recomendaciones sugieren P% maximo de ll^1. El exceso de protein as es potencialmente peligroso, ya que puede provocar aumento de amonio, aminoacidos y urea en la sangre, lo que contribuye a aunientar la carga osmotica renal. La entrega de 2 kg de LP a los Institute de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los AJimentos, INTA, Universidad de Chile. ninos de 0 a 12 meses significa ofrecerles, en promedio, 17,98 g proteinas-dia, que. segun tablas de cobertura del Ministerio de Salud, sobrepasan los requerimientos proteicos diarios en rangos de 126% a 233% 2 . mientras la cantidad de energi'a entregada (330 kcal-dia) cubre, segiin las mismas tablas, entre 38,5% y 68,0% de los requerimientos diarios para ninos de 6 a 11 y 0 a 2 meses. respectivamente 2 . El exceso de protemas obliga a diluir la leche para los lactantes menores, en muchos casos a 7 u 8% en vez de 10%, lo que implica ...

Changes in Furfural Compounds during Storage of Infant Milks

“…Our results agree with those of Van Mil and Jans (1991) in powdered cow's milk stored at 20°C for 3 years and with those of King et al (1991), who found no changes in available lysine stored for 1 year at 20°C in an infant milk which they themselves designed. However, Van Mil and Jans (1991) found a 10% decrease in lysine in samples stored at 35°C, and King et al (1991) reported a 21% loss after 1 year of storage at 37°C.…”

“…Previous reports on the degree of loss of available lysine during the manufacture and storage of cow's milk differ considerably. This is probably due to differences in treatments and storage conditions (Renner and Dorguth, 1980;Finot et al, 1981;Hurrell and Finot, 1983;Caric et al, 1984;Kessler and Fink, 1986;King et al, 1991;Evangelisti et al, 1994). Our results agree with those of Van Mil and Jans (1991) in powdered cow's milk stored at 20 °C for 3 years and with those of King et al (1991), who found no changes in available lysine stored for 1 year at 20 °C in an infant milk which they themselves designed.…”

“…This is probably due to differences in treatments and storage conditions (Renner and Dorguth, 1980;Finot et al, 1981;Hurrell and Finot, 1983;Caric et al, 1984;Kessler and Fink, 1986;King et al, 1991;Evangelisti et al, 1994). Our results agree with those of Van Mil and Jans (1991) in powdered cow's milk stored at 20 °C for 3 years and with those of King et al (1991), who found no changes in available lysine stored for 1 year at 20 °C in an infant milk which they themselves designed. However, Van Mil and Jans (1991) found a 10% decrease in lysine in samples stored at 35 °C, and King et al (1991) reported a 21% loss after 1 year of storage at 37 °C.…”

Iron-Fortified Infant Cereals

“…(131) reported a large randomized clinical trial of iron-fortified infant cereal and iron-fortified infant formula in breast-fed and formula-fed infants in Chile. Infants weaned from the breast before 4 months of age were fed for the remaining first 12 months a powdered cows' milk-based infant formula providing 12% of food energy as protein (170) with no added iron or this infant formula with iron at 12 mg/500 kcal. Both versions of the formula were fortified with vitamin C. Ascorbic acid-fortified whole milk powder was fed from 12 to 15 mo.…”

Evolution of available lysine and lactose contents in supplemented microencapsulated fish oil infant formula powder during storage

“…In two previous studies, the first in powdered milk stored at 20 ºC for 3 years (Vanmil & Jans, 1991), and the second in an IF stored for 1 year at 20 ºC (King et al ., 1991), no changes in available lysine were detected. Nevertheless, the first study found a 10% decrease in available lysine in samples stored at 35 ºC, and the second study a 21% reduction in lysine after 1 year of storage at 37 ºC.…”