Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Centella asiatica Herba Extract and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract as An Anti-Aging Emulgel

Abstract

Typically, topical formulations like creams and gels are chosen to address skin issues such as premature aging. These formulations, including creams, gels, and face masks, are commonly used by the public. Generally, these dosage forms' formulation and physical quality should conform to standards and exhibit good physical quality. However, these topical dosage forms still have their limitations. Gels struggle with delivering hydrophobic drugs, which are easily lost when exposed to sweat or water. 8 Creams require a heating process during manufacturing and can break down if the formula is incorrect, 9 while ointment (hydrocarbon-based) shows greasiness as well as phase inversion. 10 An innovative approach is needed to address the limitations of the previously mentioned topical dosage forms, such as utilizing an emulgel-a gel-based emulsion. 8 Emulgel formation utilizes a combination of hydrogel and emulsion systems to create concrete structures that enhance the stability of the bioactive ingredient or delivery method. Other advantages of emulgel are incorporating hydrophobic drugs, better loading capacity, better stability, production feasibility, low dosage form cost, and improved patient compliance. [11][12][13][14] Common excipients used in emulgel include Carbopol 940 and stearic acid. Frequently utilized as a gelling agent, Carbopol quickly disperses in water at room temperature, exhibits a wide viscosity range, and achieves the desired gel base viscosity with only a small concentration. 15,16 On the other hand, stearic acid is a versatile excipient commonly used in topical formulations and widely used in cosmetics. Stearic acid is frequently used in cream formulations when partially neutralized with alkalis or triethanolamine. This results in the generation of a creamy base when combined with 5-15 times its weight in aqueous liquid. The appearance and plasticity of the cream depend on the proportion of alkali utilized. 16 To maintain the stability of emulgel preparations, it is crucial to use the appropriate excipients at