Transdermal drug delivery has many advantages over other administration routes: for example, avoidance of hepatic metabolism, convenient administration for the patient, and easy withdrawal of treatment if necessary. Despite extensive studies of transdermal drug delivery, only a few drug formulations are commercially available. 1) One of the reasons for this is the permeation barrier by the stratum corneum to exogenous substances. Skin penetration enhancement can be chieved using appropriate physical and chemical means to overcome the skin's barrier function. Chemical penetration enhancers such as fatty acids, fatty esters, surfactants, and terpenes have received considerable attention due to their low cost, ease of use, safety, and efficacy.2) Terpenes are lipophilic ingredients of essential oils which can disturb intracellular lipids and increase the fluidization of the stratum corneum, thereby enhancing drug penetration.3) Eucalyptus oil (eucalyptol, a terpene from trees) was adopted as the oil phase to design transdermal vehicles for various drugs including estradiol, progesterone, cyproterone acetate, finasteride, and hydrocortisone. 4,5) Investigations of microemulsions composed by eucalyptus/peppermint oil and water were reported to have many potential applications.6,7) Lipid-based systems such as microemulsions, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes were recently applied to transdermal drug delivery. 8) Microemulsions are single phase, optically isotropic nano-structured solutions composed of a surfactant, cosurfactant, oil, and water. The ability of microemulsions to deliver drugs through a transdermal route in a controlled manner was recently reviewed. 9) Advantages of microemulsion delivery systems include spontaneous formation, easy preparation, low viscosity, high surface area, high drug solubilization, optical transparency, and thermodynamic stability.10) Microemulsions were applied to deliver different lipophilic drugs including fluconazole, 11) penciclovir, 12) quercetin, 13) diclofenac, 14) and progesterone 15) through the transdermal route. Those in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that lipophilic drugs incorporated into microemulsions can efficiently penetrate the skin.Curcumin and curcuminoids are yellow polyphenolic compounds extracted from the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa). Recent studies demonstrated that curcumin has the potential to protect skin by reducing inflammation through nuclear factor (NF)-kB inhibition and to reduce wound-healing time by improving collagen deposition.16) Curcumin can regenerate muscle cells after traumatic injury by modulating NF-kB activity within muscle tissues. Additionally, the use of curcumin for the chemoprevention and treatment of various skin diseases like scleroderma, psoriasis, and skin cancer was reviewed.16) Patel et al. demonstrated that curcumin-containing films have good anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced edema in rats similar to a standard formulation through the transdermal route.17) Those studies sugg...