Formulation and Evaluation of Ketorolac Tromethamine using 3<sup>2</sup> Factorial Design

Upasana, Khatri; Rathore, Kamal Singh; Saini, Sunil; Bharkatiya, Meenakshi

doi:10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00455.2

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Carbopol is a commonly used polymer for in-situ nasal gel because it converts solution into viscid form at a low concentration when the pH is neutralized. It is a water-soluble polymer that provides mucoadhesive properties 43 .…”

Section: Fig 1: Chemical Structure Of Levocetirizinementioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

IJPSR

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This dissertation work aimed to prepare Levocetirizine HCL (LCH) nasal in-situ gel, a second-generation antihistamine, to improve its retention time, sustain release, enhance the bioavailability, and avoid first-pass metabolism. Process: The in-situ nasal gel was prepared to consume Carbopol as a gelling agent, Hypromellose (HPMC) as a thickening or thickness-imparting agent, and buffering agents to maintain pH. An assessment was conducted to determine the solubility, pH, rheological characteristics, consistency of content, adhesive properties to mucous membranes, gel strength, in-vitro release characteristics, the kinetics of release date, isotonicity, and sterility of the sample. Results: All formulations had a clear appearance with good gelling capacity, and drug content was found to be >87%. The pH values of the formulations were found to be acceptable, ranging from 6.2 ± 0.10 to 6.4 ± 0.44, and no irritation of the mucosal membranes was observed. The shearing character was found between 200-1400 at pH 6.4 and 2000-5500 cps at pH 7.4 when measured at 20 rpm. They also showed adequate gel strength of 14 ± 0.35 and mucoadhesion values ranging from 854 ± 0.33 dynes/cm2 to 5517 ± 1.88 dynes/cm 2 , as well as sustained drug release. Based on these results, the optimal concentration range for both polymer and stand was determined to be between 0.775 and 0.800 for all parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that in-situ nasal gel of LCH is a promising drug delivery system that could enhance bioavailability by overcoming first-pass metabolism. INTRODUCTION:Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent and chronic type 2 inflammatory disorder that is heterogeneous in nature and has been present for a long duration 1, 2 . The incidence of AR increased daily, affecting a significant number of individuals worldwide 3, 4 .

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Section: Fig 1: Chemical Structure Of Levocetirizinementioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

IJPSR

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“…The similarity factor (f2) given by SUPAC guidelines for modified release dosage form was used as a basis to compare dissolution profile 14 . The dissolution profiles are considered to be similar when f2 is between 50 and 100.…”

Section: Comparison Of Dissolution Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Colchicine Sustained release tablet by using factorial designs

Kumar

Murthy²,

Poojitha

et al. 2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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The study on the effect of polymer concentration on in vitro drug release profile revealed that there is a change in vitro drug release parameters (t50, t80, and MDT) with a change in polymer concentration. Fraction of HPMC K4M, HPMC K 100 M, and Ethyl Cellulose were required to be 15, 10, and 7 mg respectively for designing optimized batch F7. The release rate of Colchicine decreased proportionally with an increase in the concentration of ethyl Cellulose and HPMC K100 M. Also the high amount of HPMC K4M leads to the less initial release and sustain effect. A theoretical drug release profile was generated using pharmacokinetic parameters of Colchicine. The value of t50 and t80 of theoretical drug release profile was found to be 242 min and 529 min respectively. The similarity factor f2 was applied between the in vitro drug release profile of optimizing batches and theoretical profile, which indicate a decent similarity between all in vitro drug release profiles (f2 = 68.28 for F7). All the batches except F1shows the value of f2 value within a range. Batch F7 showed the highest f2 (f2 = 68.28) among all the batches and this similarity was also reflected in t50 (≈ 256 min) and t80 (≈ 554 min) values. A 23 full factorial design was applied to systemically optimize in vitro drug release profile. The HPMC K4M (X1), Concentration of HPMC K100 M (X2), and concentration of EC (X3) were selected as independent variables. The time required for 50% drug released (t50), the time required for 80% drug release (t80), similarity factor f2, and mean dissolution time (MDT) were selected as dependent variables. The results of full factorial design indicate that the HPMC K4M (X1), Concentration of HPMC K100 M (X2), and concentration of EC (X3) have a significant effect on in vitro drug release profile. To find out the release mechanism the in vitro release data were fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. All Batches except F1 and F3 show Anomalous diffusion-controlled release (combined mechanism of diffusion and case II transport).

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Simultaneous Estimation of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Ofloxacin

Mansoori¹,

Sahu²,

Shah

2022

RJPT

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A cost-effective and simple spectrophotometric technique is established for the quantification of Ofloxacin and Ketorolac tromethamine in bulk drug and eye drops. In the present case the method developed based on simultaneous equation method. The two wavelengths were selected that is 296 nm and 320 nm. The equation was designed and the absorption coefficients for both of the drugs at both the wavelength was calculated. The developed method was applied to formulations too. Analysis of results were statistically validated and by resurgence studies. For routine determination of Ofloxacin and Ketorolac tromethamine, the method was found to be suitable in bulk drug and in formulations. Therefore, the current work aims in developing an easy method for spectrophotometric determination of Ofloxacin and Ketorolac tromethamine in eye drop dose form.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Ketorolac Tromethamine using 3² Factorial Design

Cited by 4 publications

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Formulation and Evaluation of Colchicine Sustained release tablet by using factorial designs

Simultaneous Estimation of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Ofloxacin

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Formulation and Evaluation of Ketorolac Tromethamine using 32 Factorial Design

Cited by 4 publications

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Formulation and Evaluation of Colchicine Sustained release tablet by using factorial designs

Simultaneous Estimation of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Ofloxacin

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Formulation and Evaluation of Ketorolac Tromethamine using 3² Factorial Design