Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Cream Containing Muntingia Calabura Leaves Extract

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to formulate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cream using Muntingia calabura leaves extract.Methods: 500 g of matured leaves of M. calabura were extracted with 70% methanol using maceration method for a week. The antibacterial activity of the extract and formulated cream in different concentration was investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) through disc diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract and formulated cream was studied using inhibition of albumin denaturation technique. Results:The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract was studied in different concentrations (5, 10, and 25 mg/ml) and the formulated cream was studied in the concentration of (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml). The extract showed significant antibacterial activity with all the tested pathogens with a zone of inhibition ranges from 3.33 ± 0.88-14.60 ± 0.80 mm. As for the formulated cream, the zone of inhibition for F1 ranged from 0.67 ± 0.67 mm to 14.80 ± 1.17 mm. F2 presented zone of inhibition at 3.40 ± 1.64 mm to 15.00 ± 1.18 mm. The anti-inflammatory activity showed maximum inhibition of 63. 93 ± 5.90, 41.83 ± 5.64, and 27.20 ± 2.72 was observed at 1000 μg/ml for the extract, F2 and F1, respectively. The cream was found to be in stable state after 2 months. Conclusion:The results showed that the formulated cream can be used for bacterial infections and to reduce inflammation. We recommend this formulation need to be further developed into commercial standards.

Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Chromolena Odorata Leaves as affected by Soxhlet and Maceration Extraction

“…The result obtained was in line with previous findings where the ethanolic extract of C.odorata leaves reveals the presence of medicinally valued bioactive components like saponins, tannins, terpenoid, and flavonoids [28]. Besides, other studies also showed that ethanolic extract was rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and phenols [24,25].…”

“…The extracts were then filtered using a vacuum pump. Then, the collective extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 34 °C before weighted and stored in refrigerators at a temperature of 4 °C [16,17].…”

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Languas galangal Rhizome and Development of a Topical Antifungal Cream

“…After heating, the aqueous phase (Part B) was added in portions to the oil phase (Part A) with continuous stirring until cooling of emulsifier occurred [ 22 ]. The creation of the galangal extract cream was done according to the method mentionedin reference [ 22 ]. A 5% w / w cream was prepared using the formula given below ( Table 1 ).…”

“…the aqueous phase was prepared by dissolving the required amount of hexane extract in propylene glycol solvent and then adding it to water. The preservatives (methylparaben, triethanolamine) and the other water-soluble component glycerin, which was used as humectant, were dissolved in the aqueous phase and heated to 75 • C. After heating, the aqueous phase (Part B) was added in portions to the oil phase (Part A) with continuous stirring until cooling of emulsifier occurred [22]. The creation of the galangal extract cream was done according to the method mentionedin reference [22].…”

Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers Containing Clinacanthus nutans (Phayayo) Crude Extract as Potential Wound Dressings

“…The major compounds in PY plant are flavonoids, glycosides, glycoglycerolipids, cerebrosides, and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol (Alam et al, 2016). Pure compounds and various types of PY extracts revealed several pharmacological properties, such as antiviral (Haetrakul et al, 2018), anti-diabetic (Abdullah, & Kasim, 2017), anti-inflammatory (Kuo et al, 2021;Wanikiat et al, 2008), antioxidant (Alam et al, 2017;Arullappan et al, 2014), and antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli (Arullappan et al, 2014;Sekar & Rashid, 2016), Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Candida albicans (Arullappan et al, 2014), Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Sekar, & Rashid, 2016). PY extracts and their pure isolated compounds were also reported to induce wound closure by human gingival fibroblasts (Roeslan et al, 2019).…”