Formulation and Evaluation of Xanthan Gum Microspheres for the Sustained Release of Metformin Hydrochloride

Abstract

This work aimed to formulate xanthan gum microspheres for the encapsulation of metformin hydrochloride, according to the process of ionotropic gelation. The obtained microparticles, based on various fractions of xanthan gum (0.5–1.25), were subjected to different physico-chemical tests and a drug release study. Microspheres with an average size varying between 110.96 μm and 208.27 μm were obtained. Encapsulation efficiency reached 93.11% at a 1.25% biopolymer concentration. The swelling study showed a swelling rate reaching 29.8% in the gastric medium (pH 1.2) and 360% in the intestinal medium (pH 6.8). The drug release studies showed complete metformin hydrochloride release from the beads, especially those prepared from xanthan gum at the concentration of 1.25%, in intestinal medium at 90.00% after 6 h. However, limited and insignificant drug release was observed within the gastric medium (32.50%). The dissolution profiles showed sustained release kinetics.

Preliminary Assessment of Tara Gum as a Wall Material: Physicochemical, Structural, Thermal, and Rheological Analyses of Different Drying Methods

“…The IR spectra of the tara gum samples showed a broad absorption band at 3393–3442 cm −1 due to the stretching frequency of the OH group [ 63 , 64 ]. The presence of –OH stretching could be attributable to sugars such as galactose and arabinose [ 5 ].…”

“…The presence of –OH stretching could be attributable to sugars such as galactose and arabinose [ 5 ]. The absorption band between 2924 and 2926 cm −1 is attributable to the stretching of the CH of the alkyl group [ 37 , 65 ], and those located between 1413 and 1424 cm −1 are due to the bending of the CH of the methyl group [ 64 , 65 ]. Likewise, the absorption bands located between 1633 and 1643 cm −1 are attributable to the asymmetric stretching of the carboxylate ion [ 65 ].…”

Microwave‐modified xanthan gum: Alterations in steady and dynamic rheological behaviors

“…This peak became narrower over time, particularly after the 720 W-6 min, however, the peak intensity increased compared to 960 and 1200 W, despite a reduction in the amount of water. The reduced intensity of this signal in treated XG samples at 960 and 1200 W could possibly be ascribed to OH group substitution (Yahoum et al, 2023). The broadening of this peak and its shift to a lower wavenumber with modification implies a gradual increase in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the molecules (Solo- de-Zaldívar et al, 2014).…”

Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Vildagliptin Microspheres Using Pectin and Xanthan Gum as Polymers

“…Furthermore, it was recently reported that xanthan gum has a potential bloodsugar-lowering and stabilizing effect. This last particular property makes xanthan gum an excellent candidate for the administration of active antidiabetic substances [6,7] . Given that natural polymers are safe, biocompatible, and biodegradable, their contribution to the formulation of dosage forms is noteworthy.…”