Formulation and Testing of Antioxidant and Protective Effect of Hyalurosomes Loading Extract Rich in Rosmarinic Acid Biotechnologically Produced from Lavandula angustifolia Miller

Abstract

Culture of plant cells or tissues is a scalable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach to obtain extracts and secondary metabolites of uniform quality that can be continuously supplied in controlled conditions, independent of geographical and seasonal variations, environmental factors, and negative biological influences. In addition, tissues and cells can be extracted/obtained from the by-products of other industrial cultivations such as that of Lavandula angustifolia Miller (L. angustifolia), which is largely cultivated for the collection of flowers. Given that, an extract rich in rosmarinic acid was biotechnologically produced starting from cell suspension of L. angustifolia, which was then loaded in hyalurosomes, special phospholipid vesicles enriched with sodium hyaluronate, which in turn are capable of both immobilizing and stabilizing the system. These vesicles have demonstrated to be good candidates for skin delivery as their high viscosity favors their residence at the application site, thus promoting their interaction with the skin components. The main physico-chemical and technological characteristics of vesicles (i.e., mean diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of extract in vesicles) were measured along with their biological properties in vitro: biocompatibility against fibroblasts and ability to protect the cells from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Overall, preliminary results disclosed the promising properties of obtained formulations to be used for the treatment of skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.

From Grape By-Products to Enriched Yogurt Containing Pomace Extract Loaded in Nanotechnological Nutriosomes Tailored for Promoting Gastro-Intestinal Wellness

“…The extraction yield was not high, as it was ~7%. The total phenolic content of the extract was 23.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract, and the antioxidant activity was 4.3 mg trolox equivalent/g of dry extract [ 18 ].…”

“…Due to its unique gelling properties, gelatin is one of the most popular protein biopolymers, widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields [ 6 , 17 ]. Previous results underlined that the modification of nutriosomes with the addition of gelatin or other polymers can further improve their performances [ 18 ]. In a recent work, Perra et al (2022) also demonstrated that gelatin can be effectively added to liposomes and nutriosomes and they improve the effect of the grape extract on the stimulated proliferation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri , even at lower concentrations [ 6 ].…”

Rosmarinic Acid Multifunctional Sunscreen: Comet Assay and in Vivo Establishment of Cutaneous Attributes

“…Also, several studies involving RA in modified systems has been reported [44][45][46][47][48]. For instance, Perra and colleagues developed hyalurosomes loaded with an extract rich in RA and proved, in vitro, its protection against oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts [49].…”

Comparison between the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Commercial Products and Biocultivated Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

“…Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is one of the most popular aromatic plants in the Lamiaceae family with origin in the Mediterranean region and is cultivated worldwide for medicinal and commercial purposes [1,2]. Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) has great economic values as an essential oil-producing plant.…”

“…Te chemical composition of the EO difers according to the extraction technique [5,10]. However, essential oil from L. angustifolia is composed of various constituents, including esters: linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, and geranyl acetate; alcohols: linalool, α-terpineol, and terpinen-4-ol; sesquiterpenes: β-caryophyllene; and monoterpene: cisβ-ocimene [2,4,[10][11][12][13]. Te greater proportion is linalyl acetate and linalool which are considered active constituents, but linalool is considered one of the most examined odorant molecules [14].…”