Formulation, characterization of glucosamine loaded transfersomes and in vivo evaluation using papain induced arthritis model

Abstract

The aim of current study was to develop the transdermal transfersomes of glucosamine for better drug delivery. Stretch ability and plasticity of transfersomes membranes mitigate the risk of vesicle rupture in the skin and allows the drug carrying transfersome to pass through the epidermis following the natural water gradient. Transdermal delivery of Glucosamine has an advantage over oral route, having greater local concentration and fewer systemic effects. Thin Film Rotary method was use to prepare transfersomes, and characterization was carried out physio-chemically using electron microscopic studies, zeta potential evaluation, entrapment efficiency studies. To add on in the stability, development of a secondary topical vehicle using Carbopol 940 was carried out to enhance the shelf life of transfersomes. Furthermore, in vivo studies on rabbits were also carried out using the papain induced arthritis model to support the effectiveness of treatment. The radiology studies of knee joint of rabbits proved the effectiveness of glucosamine loaded transfersomes in healing the osteoarthritis with the blood plasma analysis remain unaltered. In vitro characterization showed the successful development of nano-deformable entities with good entrapment efficiency but with little stability, therefore modified into a gel. In a nut shell this modified new dosage from can be best alternative to other conventional options that owe lot of demerits.

The Formulation of the N-Acetylglucosamine as Nanoparticles Increases Its Anti-Inflammatory Activities: An In Vitro Study

“…Clinical trials confirmed that glucosamine sulphate, at high doses, is the most active molecule to treat OA pain [ 14 , 15 ]. On the other hand, any current reformulation of GlcN was poorly able to increase drug delivery or efficacy [ 16 ]. The effective dosage is about 2 g/day (or 100 mM), but GlcN was found to induce autophagy both in vitro and in vivo chondrocytes [ 17 ].…”