Formulation of a mathematical model to predict solar water disinfection

Domestic Wastewater Disinfection Using Solar Radiation for Agricultural Reuse

“…2). The E. coli inactivation curve showed a typical S-shaped behavior, as in analysis of survival data, with an initial exponential decay response delayed briefly (lag-time phase) and two stage of inactivation, which is in agreement with results presented by Severin et al (1983), Wegelin et al (1994), Kehoe et al (2001), Kowalski (2001), andSalih (2003).…”

“…The multi-target survival model used by Salih (2003), which takes into consideration the presence of a lag-time phase and two stages of inactivation, is more suited to the results obtained in this study. According to Wegelin et al (1994), the multi-target survival model is applicable to pure bacterial strains under laboratory and sunlight irradiation, while the two-stage survival model is suited for use in modeling two separate populations of microorganisms that have different decay rates (Kowalski, 2001).…”

“…After this period has elapsed, the curve drops off rapidly. Salih (2003) developed a mathematical model to predict the efficiency of SODIS that considered solar UV exposure and the initial contamination load as independent variables. Using 6 × 9 mm wells, 3.54 mm water depth, and samples prepared with sterilized raw stream water and a wild type of E. coli, the author found that around 8.88 × 10 3 kJ m −2 exposure was required to reduce the bacterial population by five log cycles.…”

Reduction of Heavy Metals from Waste Water by Wetland

“…A mix of aquatic plant materials (cattails, bulrushes, reeds, etc.) growing either hydroponically or in a gravel substratum provide the media through which polluted water is filtered and biologically treated (Salih, 2013). Constructed wetlands are wastewater treatment systems composed of one or more treatment cells in a built and partially controlled environment designed and constructed to provide wastewater treatment.…”

Solar disinfection modeling and post-irradiation response of Escherichia coli in wastewater

“…The change in the water matrix to wastewater, is however rather unexplored. Marugan et al [20] have stated the modification of disinfection potentials when the chemistry of the matrix is altered and Salih [21] marked the importance of consideration of pollution load. Furthermore, Sichel et al [22] and Rincon and Pulgarin [23] discussed the idea of minimum dose for inactivation and the importance of irradiation conditions on photolysis and Malato et al [24] in their review mentioned the importance of light dispersion.…”