Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model—Part II. Mechanical calculations for motion and interaction of a system composed of many polyhedral blocks

A Review of Numerical Simulation Strategies for Hydraulic Fracturing, Natural Fracture Reactivation and Induced Microseismicity Prediction

“…Cundall and Strack [56] and Cleary [57] used spheres and disks as distinct elements to discretize the material, later Cundall [58], and Cundall and Hart [59] and Walton [60] used polygons for this purpose. Then polyhedral blocks (rigid or deformable) were used as distinct elements in combination with compliant contacts in three-dimensional DEM models by Starfield and Cundall [61] and Hart et al [62]. Recently Nagel et al [63] used the DEM to develop a three-dimensional coupled model to simulate hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured reservoirs.…”

Impact of thick alluvial soil on a fractured water-conducting zone: An example from Huainan coal mine, China

“…It is particularly suited for analysing fractured masses and large displacements along discontinuities (Cundall, 1988(Cundall, , 1990ITASCA Consulting Group, 2004;Hart et al, 1988;Jing, 2003;Moarefvand and Verdel, 2008;Xu and Zhang, 2002). We used UDEC4.0 for the numerical simulations in this study.…”

“…The Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) is a twodimensional numerical program based on the distinct element method for discontinuous modeling (Cundall, 1988;ITASCA Consulting Group, 2004;Hart et al, 1988;Jing, 2003) and is frequently used in rock mechanics (ITASCA Consulting Group, 2004;Moarefvand and Verdel, 2008). It is particularly suited for analysing fractured masses and large displacements along discontinuities (Cundall, 1988(Cundall, , 1990ITASCA Consulting Group, 2004;Hart et al, 1988;Jing, 2003;Moarefvand and Verdel, 2008;Xu and Zhang, 2002).…”

The Ruin of the Roman Temple of Kedesh, Israel; Example of a Precariously Balanced Archaeological Structure Used as a Seismoscope

“…The first version of the model was created in 3DEC (see data and resources) a software initially written for rock-mechanical applications and based on the discrete element method by Cundall [1988], Hart and Cundall [1988], Cundall and Hart [1992]. 3DEC's built-in scripting language is a powerful tool for model creation and simulations.…”