Formulation of Bacillus and Azotobacter Consortia in Liquid Cultures: Preliminary Research on Microbes-Coated Urea

Abstract

The spore-forming Bacillus and cysts forming Azotobacter are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria which has been used as biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture since they tolerant to dried soil. Drought resistant microbes will be useful to coat urea in order to reduce the lost of nitrogen. The objectives of this preliminary study were to study the effect of molasse based liquid media on the population of Bacillus spore and Azotobacter vegetative cell and to determine the composition of four bacterial species in liquid formula. In the first experiment The Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii were grown separately in 1% cane molasses enriched with 0.1% NH4Cl. As control treatment, The Bacillus and Azotobacter were grown in Nutrient Broth and Ashby’s mannitol broth respectively. In the second experiment, different composition of said Bacillus and Azotobacter were grown in molasses based liquid media prior to count the spore and vegetative cell. The results showed that molasses-based media supported bacterial growth and initial ratio 1:1:1:1 of liquid inoculant was effective to increase bacterial growth. This experiment suggested that the use of organic based media was useful practice of liquid biofertilizer formulation for granule urea coating.

Effect of Beneficial Soil Microbes on Growth and Yield of Celery in Volcanic Soil of West Java

“…Well known phytohormone-producing microbes in soil are several species of P-bacteria and N-fixing bacteria. Some species of both soil bacterial group enable to produce phytohormone [11,12]. Leafy vegetable production often use high doses inorganic fertilizers to obtain optimal production.…”

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“…Researchers reported the ability of Azotobacter to produce phytohormones Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Cytokinines (CKs) in liquid culture (Viscardi et al, 2016;Chobotarov et al, 2017;Hindersah et al, 2020). The CKs include zeatin, zeatin-riboside dan zeatin glucose also detected in nanoparticle solid-based inoculant (Chobotarov et al, 2017).…”

“…We have already developed a mixed liquid biofertilizer containing A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii, B. subtilis and B. megaterium with the equal composition to maintain each bacterial population up 10 8 CFU/ml (Hindersah et al, 2020b). For coating the urea, a solid inoculant is needed to avoid direct intact with urea and ensure the bacterial viability since the water content of urea is as low as 0.5%.…”

“…The objective of this greenhouse experiment was to determine the effect of solid inoculant-coated urea on the growth properties of strawberry seedlings grown in soilless media for 4 weeks during bare-roots strawberry seedling production. (Hindersah et al, 2020b). The Azotobacter and Bacillus produced phytohormone of indole acetic acid (IAA), cytokinins (CK) and gibberellins (GA) in the in-vitro test (Hindersah et al, 2020b).…”

“…(Hindersah et al, 2020b). The Azotobacter and Bacillus produced phytohormone of indole acetic acid (IAA), cytokinins (CK) and gibberellins (GA) in the in-vitro test (Hindersah et al, 2020b). The seedlings of strawberry cv.…”