Formulation optimization of palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsion-loaded with chloramphenicol suitable for meningitis treatment

Abstract

Palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsion-loaded with chloramphenicol was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), a multivariate statistical technique. Effect of independent variables (oil amount, lecithin amount and glycerol amount) toward response variables (particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and osmolality) were studied using central composite design (CCD). RSM analysis showed that the experimental data could be fitted into a second-order polynomial model. Chloramphenicol-loaded nanoemulsion was formulated by using high pressure homogenizer. The optimized chloramphenicol-loaded nanoemulsion response values for particle size, PDI, zeta potential and osmolality were 95.33nm, 0.238, -36.91mV, and 200mOsm/kg, respectively. The actual values of the formulated nanoemulsion were in good agreement with the predicted values obtained from RSM. The results showed that the optimized compositions have the potential to be used as a parenteral emulsion to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) for meningitis treatment.

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

“…The chloramphenicol-loaded NE palm kernel oil esters were developed by evaluation of different levels of oil, lecithin and glycerin. It was observed that the droplets sizes were most affected by the amount of oil, while the proportions of lecithin and glycerin modified ZP and osmolarity (Musa et al, 2013).…”

“…The chloramphenicol-loaded NE palm kernel oil esters were developed by evaluation of different levels of oil, lecithin and glycerin. It was observed that the droplets sizes were most affected by the amount of oil, while the proportions of lecithin and glycerin modified ZP and osmolarity (Musa et al, 2013).Studies on NE prepared with VO of babassu, rapeseed, rapeseed/salmon, orange/terpene orange, tea tree, grape seed/almond kernel and pomegranate were also developed for their use as potential matrices for incorporation of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical active elements.Babassu oil NE (Orbignya oleifera) were prepared employing the PIT method. During the process of preparation different temperatures were tested, but only 75 ± 5 ºC provided stable formulations, with transparent bluish luster.…”

Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action

“…This results in larger particle formation. 38 Xanthan gum, which acted as the thickening agent, was able to reduce homogenization efficacy, due to difficulty during the emulsification process.…”

Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

“…This could be due to the incomplete coverage of the fixed amount of emulsifier molecules on the newly formed droplets, leading to an increase in the particle size of an emulsion. 21,66,67 Moreover, an increase in mixing rate (P,0.05) slightly decreased droplet size ( Figure 9B). These results were in good agreement with reports that the influence of mixing rate is more pronounced at high addition rates and that low addition rates and high mixing rates favor the formation of emulsions with small droplet size.…”

“…Response surfaces and 3D contour plots of the fitted polynomial-regression equations were generated to visualize the interaction effect of the independent variables on responses better. 21 …”