Formulation Technology

Mollet, Hans; Grubenmann, Arnold

doi:10.1002/9783527612925

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…It has been shown that foam is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. 10,11) It is also reported that the apparent viscosity of the foam is a few times higher than the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. Considering these unknowns, parameter p 2 is used for the work term done by drag force.…”

Section: Modelling and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During each collision, the particle must deform and/or push the bubbles aside before it may continue to fall. Since foams are reported to be non-Newtonian fluids, 10,11) and in view of the complexity of the forces involved in a foam-particle system, an energy balance approach is adopted in the model development. When a particle moves a distance in the foam, the work done on it consists of two contributions, viz.…”

Section: Modelling and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7,8) All these models take the volume fraction into account and assume that foams act Newtonian, even though they have been recognized as shear-thinning non-Newtonian. 5,[9][10][11] Using models that describe the emul-sion as Newtonian in calculations will most likely result in great uncertainties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Semi-Empirical Model of Particle Velocity in Foam

2018

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A semi-empirical model was developed to predict the apparent velocity of particles falling through foams. Different foams were generated from liquids with different viscosities and surface tensions. Particles with different sizes and densities were dropped into the foam and average velocities were calculated. Based on the experimental work, the semi-empirical model was derived from an energy balance between buoyancy, drag and the energy needed for the particles to deform the bubbles in their path.

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Section: Modelling and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Semi-Empirical Model of Particle Velocity in Foam

2018

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“…Hence, Marbocote ® W2140, showing the less negative value of the spreading coefficient, resulted to be the most performing emulsion, capable of spreading more favorably over the molding coatings, forming a more adherent and homogeneous barrier able to facilitate the detachment of the HNBR rubber. Actually, a liquid with the same specific surface tension as the solid on which it rests will wet that solid completely [32].3.4. Simulation of Plant Conditions.…”

Section: Work Of Adhesion (W a ) And Spreading Coefficient (S)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Release Agents/PVD Coatings Interaction for Plastic Mold Technology

et al. 2020

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In polymer processing, the formation of undesired fouling hinders the plastic manufacturing processes. Hence, the use of emulsions as releasing agents is mandatory and their affinity to the mold substrates plays a crucial role. Therefore, this research work has been focused on the wetting properties of commercial water-based release agents (namely Marbocote ® W2140, EP, EV-333) towards different Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) nitride coatings (AlTiN, NbN, ZrN and TiN), usually adopted in the industrial manufacture of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR). The investigated solid substrates were characterized by means of profilometry, SEM/EDX and Surface Free Energy (SFE) analyses, whereas, tensiometric determinations were acquired on the commercial pure and diluted emulsions. The release agents/mold substrates wettability features were studied by means of the work of adhesion and the spreading coefficient. Finally, nitride-coated mold seals were directly tested in an industrial plant with the most performing release agent in terms of adhesive features; for the first time, a deep correlation between the service life, in terms of number of molded seals, and surface (contact angles, work of adhesion and spreading coefficient)/electrochemical (OCP) features was drawn. IntroductionPolymer processing technology, including injection and compression molding [1-3], entails a prolonged polymer/metal tool contact. Hence their adhesion [4][5][6], depending on the process conditions, the solid tool surface features (type, roughness and surface free energy) and the polymer chemistry, plays a pivotal role in affecting the quality of the final plastic product.However, when the affinity between the polymers and the mold substrates is relatively low, the formation of mold fouling [7] occurs, causing the interruption of the plastic manufacturing process. Specifically, mold fouling is a layer of material, which forms on the surface of metal molds during the rubber vulcanization. Indeed, it is the result of thermochemical changes in components of rubber compounds during high temperature molding condition, impeding the heat transfer from the mold to the polymer. Thus, in order to obtain defect-free rubber articles, mold fouling must be removed from the metal surface tools by means of regular cleanings, therefore representing an onerous step for the industry (i.e. the production line shutdown, the use of expensive chemical products).Hence, two approaches can be followed to limit the mold fouling phenomena. The first one consists in the modification of the rubber formulation, for example by choosing the right plasticizing agents, such as extender oils [8,9]. The second approach involves the use of release agents [10,11] (typically emulsion-based compounds [12,13]), which are applied to the mold surfaces to ensure the total removal of the undesired products from the surfaces themselves. Regarding the former, the plasticizer is fundamental for the vulcanizing process, because this component allows the phase transitions. However, ba...

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“…Semakin besar tahanannya, maka viskositas juga akan semakin besar. Hasil uji viskositas dapat dilihat pada Tabel V. Hasil uji viskositas menunjukkan bahwa tiap formula memiliki viskositas yang tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kontol basis K(-), dan sudah memenuhi syarat viskositas pasta gigi yaitu pada kisaran 300 dPas (Mollet and Grubenmann, 2001). Sehingga bisa dimungkinkan ketika sediaan pasta gigi digunakan akan tertahan lama atau tidak mudah meleber pada tube dan sikat gigi.…”

Section: Viskositasunclassified

Formulation and antibacterial activity test toothpaste combination of triclosan-extract ethanol of suji leaves (Pleomele angustifolia N.E Brown)

Zulfa

Andriani

2017

Pharmaciana

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Pada umumnya, di masyarakat daun suji digunakan sebagai obat kumur untuk menghilangkan plak. Pasta gigi merupakan salah satu bentuk sediaan yang cocok untuk kesehatan mulut dengan bahan aktif triklosan, namun triklosan bersifat korosif, resisten terhadap bakteri, dan menurunkan sistem hormonal, khususnya hormon tiroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan variasi konsentrasi kombinasi triklosan-ekstrak etanol daun suji (T-EEDS) pada sediaan pasta gigi terhadap karakteristik fisika kimia, dan aktivitas antibakteri pada Streptococcus mutans. Ekstrak daun suji diperoleh dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian dilakukan pembuatan sediaan pasta gigi dengan variasi kombinasi T-EEDS yaitu FI (1:0), FII (0,5;0,5), FIII (0:1). Pasta gigi yang dihasilkan diuji karakteristik fisika kimia (organoleptik, viskositas, pH, dan daya busa), dan aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil pengujian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil pengujian karakteristik fisika kimia menunjukkan hasil bahwa semua formula pasta gigi memenuhi karakteristik fisik kimia pasta gigi. Pasta gigi T-EEDS (0,5:0,5) (FII) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat terhadap Streptococcus mutans sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti sediaan yang sudah ada dipasaran dengan zat aktif triklosan.

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Formulation Technology

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

A Semi-Empirical Model of Particle Velocity in Foam

A Semi-Empirical Model of Particle Velocity in Foam

Insight into the Release Agents/PVD Coatings Interaction for Plastic Mold Technology

Formulation and antibacterial activity test toothpaste combination of triclosan-extract ethanol of suji leaves (Pleomele angustifolia N.E Brown)

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