Fortified Iodine Milk Improves Iodine Status and Cognitive Abilities in Schoolchildren Aged 7–9 Years Living in a Rural Mountainous Area of Morocco

Zahrou, Fatima Ezzahra; Azlaf, Mehdi; Menchawy, Imane El; Mzibri, Mohamed El; Kari, Khalid El; Hamdouchi, Asmaa El; Mouzouni, Fatima-Zahra; Barkat, Amina; Ashayeri, Hassan

doi:10.1155/2016/8468594

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The children also cooperated and benefited from the exercise of salt testing and its relevance in a consumer's life. It is scientifically proven that iodine-sufficient children have fine motor skills, information processing, and visual problem solving,[ 12 13 ] and similar results are seen in our study wherein the adequate iodine content in salt was protective for normal and above psychological scores as seen in Table 3 . The results are not significant as the sample size is not representative; however, the inferences can be used as a strong proxy educative message to insist on iodized salt use among the mothers of the school children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Knowledge and practice of mothers of school-going children regarding iodized salt and its association with the psychology testing of the students

Kar

Samantaray

Singh³

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Context: Iodized salt is the mainstay intervention to tackle iodine-related disorders. In spite of the government's efforts to make iodized salt available in more than 90% of the households across the country, there are sketchy details on its use. Since the main propagators of this intervention are the mothers cooking in kitchen, this study was conceived, as a corollary to a larger micronutrient assessment study among school-going children. Aims: The aim of this was to assess knowledge, practice of mothers of school-going children (6-16 years) regarding use of iodized salt, and to see any association between the simple psychological testing of the children and the iodine content of the salt used in home kitchen and the contributing factors thereof. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing mothers of 240 school-going children of age groups 6-11 years and 12-16 years from six schools of Bhubaneswar using a semi-structured questionnaire regarding their knowledge on iodine and its deficiency and the practice of using iodized salt. MBI kit was used to assess the iodine content of salt used at home. The psychology adeptness of students was assessed using the standardized and validated coding, standard progressive matrices, and colored progressive matrices tests. Statistical Analysis: Analysis was done using SPSS version 16, wherein the sociodemographic data were shown in proportions, and the iodine content was taken as the dependent continuous variable and means reported. For the sake of associations with intelligence and cognition, a binary logistic regression model was drawn. Results: It reports that 47.5% of mothers knew that iodized salt is good for health and iodine content measured using MBI kit was 15 ppm and above for 71.7% of the sample. Further, iodine content in salt is seen as protective for cognition and also for IQ. Conclusions: The knowledge of the mothers’ needs reinforcement regarding iodine and related disorders and the benefits of iodized salt. The aim of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program can only be achieved by generating awareness, regular follow-up, and improving the iodization of salt.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Knowledge and practice of mothers of school-going children regarding iodized salt and its association with the psychology testing of the students

Kar

Samantaray

Singh³

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…It is widely accepted that dairy products are a good source of iodine. In a recent study, we have found that non-fortified milk contains large amount of iodine and consumption of this milk during nine months increases considerably the iodine status in school-aged children (Zahrou et al, 2016). In Italy, Watutantrige et al highlighted the benefit effect of milk consumption on iodine status and showed that an adequate iodine status was achieved only when iodized salt was combined with daily milk intake (Watutantrige et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessment of iodine intake and deficiency in school-age children in Morocco

Saeid

Rami

Mounach

et al. 2018

NFS

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Purpose Iodine deficiency has several adverse effects on human growth and development and it is categorized collectively as iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Recent estimations showed that 29.8 per cent of school-age children have insufficient iodine intake. Salt iodization is widely accepted as the best method for increasing iodine intake. In 1995, Morocco adopted the universal salt iodization strategy to reduce iodine deficiency and consequently prevent and control IDDs. This study aims to determine the benefit of this strategy on schoolchildren and adolescent by assessing iodine intake and evaluating iodine deficiency. Design/methodology/approach This transversal study was conducted on 131 children and adolescents. Iodine intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Iodine status was evaluated on 24-h urine samples and the creatinine excretion was used to validate completeness of urine collection. Findings The medians of urinary iodine excretion and concentration were 77 µg/day and 96 µg/L, respectively. Overall, 72.5 per cent are deficient, so mild and moderate iodine deficiencies were reported in 58 per cent and 14.5 per cent, respectively, and no child exhibited severe deficiency. A significant difference was reported between iodine deficiency and, sex and age; iodine deficiency was more pronounced in boys and children under eight years. In this study, iodine status in deficient children does not change with the consumption pattern of dairy products and eggs, and results showed no significant association (p > 0.05). However, fish consumption was significantly associated to urinary iodine concentration = 100 µg/L (p = 0.044). Average UIC in school-aged children is still inadequate and consumption of foods high in iodine remains very insufficient. Therefore, additional efforts must focus on nutritional education of Moroccan school-aged children. Originality/value In the author’s knowledge, this is the first study evaluating schoolchildren iodine status by 24-h iodine collection; the study reported association of iodine deficiency with dietary habit concerning sources of food rich on iodine.

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“…Abdollahpour [41] also revealed that using cognitive strategies were positively correlated particularly with math achievement among male high school freshmen. Similarly, Zahrou [42] found that the consumption of fortified milk has a favorable effect on cognitive ability. Our data suggest that use of cognitive strategies may mediate the association between nutrient status and academic performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient‐Fortified Milk and Academic Performance among Chinese Middle School Students: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2017

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Many children suffer from nutritional deficiencies that may negatively affect their academic performance. This cluster-randomized controlled trial aimed to test the effects of micronutrient-fortified milk in Chinese students. Participants received either micronutrient-fortified (n = 177) or unfortified (n = 183) milk for six months. Academic performance, motivation, and learning strategies were estimated by end-of-term tests and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for micronutrients. In total, 296 students (82.2%) completed this study. Compared with the control group, students in the intervention group reported higher scores in several academic subjects (p < 0.05), including languages, mathematics, ethics, and physical performance at the end of follow-up. Students in the intervention group showed greater self-efficacy and use of cognitive strategies in learning, and reported less test anxiety (p < 0.001). Moreover, vitamin B2 deficiency (odds ratio (OR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11~0.30) and iron deficiency (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14~0.81) were less likely in the students of the intervention group, whereas vitamin D, vitamin B12, and selenium deficiencies were not significantly different. “Cognitive strategy” had a partial mediating effect on the test scores of English (95% CI: 1.26~3.79) and Chinese (95% CI: 0.53~2.21). Our findings suggest that micronutrient-fortified milk may improve students’ academic performance, motivation, and learning strategies.

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Fortified Iodine Milk Improves Iodine Status and Cognitive Abilities in Schoolchildren Aged 7–9 Years Living in a Rural Mountainous Area of Morocco

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Knowledge and practice of mothers of school-going children regarding iodized salt and its association with the psychology testing of the students

Knowledge and practice of mothers of school-going children regarding iodized salt and its association with the psychology testing of the students

Assessment of iodine intake and deficiency in school-age children in Morocco

Micronutrient‐Fortified Milk and Academic Performance among Chinese Middle School Students: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial

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