Forward and Reverse Genetics in Crop Breeding

Jankowicz-Cieślak, Joanna; Till, Bradley J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22521-0_8

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…TILLING data from over 15 plant species has shown that EMS primarily causes G:C to A:T base transitions (Jankowicz-Cieslak and Till, 2015). Reported deviations in this spectrum may be due to variations in mismatch repair.…”

Section: Commentary Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mutagenesis of Seed and Vegetatively Propagated Plants Using EMS

Jankowicz-Cieślak

Till

2016

CP Plant Biology

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Chemical mutagenesis provides an inexpensive and straightforward way to generate a high density of novel nucleotide diversity in the genomes of plants and animals. Mutagenesis therefore can be used for functional genomic studies and also for plant breeding. The most commonly used chemical mutagen in plants is ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). EMS has been shown to induce primarily single base point mutations. Hundreds to thousands of heritable mutations can be induced in a single plant line. A relatively small number of plants, therefore, are needed to produce populations harboring deleterious alleles in most genes. EMS mutagenized plant populations can be screened phenotypically (forward-genetics), or mutations in genes can be identified in advance of phenotypic characterization (reverse-genetics). Reverse-genetics using chemically induced mutations is known as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING). This unit gives information on EMS treatment of seed and vegetative propagules. C 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: induced mutation r ethyl methanesulfonate r TILLING r point mutation r tissue culture r forward-genetics r reverse-genetics How to cite this article: Jankowicz-Cieslak, J. and Till, B.J. 2016. Chemical mutagenesis of seed and vegetatively propagated plants using EMS.

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Section: Commentary Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mutagenesis of Seed and Vegetatively Propagated Plants Using EMS

Jankowicz-Cieślak

Till

2016

CP Plant Biology

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“…In a natural setting, genetic diversity is increased in vegetatively propagated crops via the accumulation of spontaneous mutations. Researchers and breeders can further alter the genetics of vegetatively propagated crops through methods including inducing mutations, transgenics, cell fusion hybrids and various genome-editing approaches (Jankowicz-Cieslak and Till 2015). Inducing mutations in combination with other methods such as in vitro techniques is advantageous for the improvement and diversification of vegetatively propagated germplasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used chemical mutagen is ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) which in many species produces almost exclusively G:C to A:T transition mutations (Kurowska et al 2011). Other mutagens such as gamma and fast neutron irradiation can produce a broader spectrum of mutations ranging from SNPs and small indels to deletions greater than one million base pairs (Jankowicz-Cieslak and Till 2015). While phenotypic consequences of large indels and rearrangements may be greater, data sets on the spectrum and density of such mutations are currently much smaller than that of EMS, and therefore predictability of optimal population size required to recover desired alleles is much lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mutagenesis and Chimera Dissolution in Vegetatively Propagated Banana

Jankowicz-Cieślak

Till

2016

Biotechnologies for Plant Mutation Breeding

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Random mutagenesis has been widely used for forward-genetics and crop breeding since the application of ionising radiation on cereals described in the late 1920s. The development of high-throughput and accurate mutation discovery technologies has enabled reverse-genetic screening of mutant populations in the twenty-first century. The majority of mutation-based approaches in crops have involved seed-propagated species. Large bodies of data are available on the spectrum and density of induced mutations for some mutagens. It is well established that genetic chimerism caused by random accumulation of different mutations in different cells is resolved by sexual propagation and that by the second-generation post-mutagenesis (termed the M 2 ), plants are no longer genetically mosaic. Vegetatively propagated species, however, are quite different as they primarily undergo mitotic propagation. In the absence of meiosis, procedures must be implemented to remove mosaicism and generate plant material that is genotypically homogeneous and suitable for forward-and reverse-genetic screening and breeding. We have previously developed a Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) platform for the vegetatively propagated triploid banana to investigate the density and spectrum of induced mutations and mechanisms by which tissue culture materials become genotypically homogeneous. Here we provide a detailed protocol for meristematic isolation, mutation induction and dissolution of chimeric sectors focusing on the use of chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS).

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“…More than 3200 new varieties have been produced through mutation induction, and these have contributed towards improving food security in many countries (MVD 2016;Jankowicz-Cieslak and Till 2015). Breeding was, and is still, a game of numbers where phenotypes play a central role, whether routine hybridization is involved or reverse genetics such as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is contemplated (Kurowska et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Evaluation of Mutagenized Rice Material

Johnson

Taylor

Tai

et al. 2016

Biotechnologies for Plant Mutation Breeding

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Since the discoveries of the beneficial effects of some mutations on plants, scientists have made use of both physical and chemical mutagens to develop new varieties of crops and ornamentals. More than 3200 varieties have been produced through mutation induction, and these have contributed towards improving food security in many countries.Proper field techniques can greatly enhance the chances of identifying desirable phenotypes. The protocol described here deals mainly with field techniques successfully employed and developed in the evaluation of rice mutants for over 8 years in the uplands and the hydromorphic lowlands at the Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC) of the Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) between 2005 and 2012 to evaluate gamma and X-ray-treated rice seeds.

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Forward and Reverse Genetics in Crop Breeding

Cited by 43 publications

References 114 publications

Chemical Mutagenesis of Seed and Vegetatively Propagated Plants Using EMS

Chemical Mutagenesis of Seed and Vegetatively Propagated Plants Using EMS

Chemical Mutagenesis and Chimera Dissolution in Vegetatively Propagated Banana

Field Evaluation of Mutagenized Rice Material

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