Forward conditioning with wheel running causes place aversion in rats

Masaki, Takahisa; Nakajima, Sadahiko

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.04.006

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The author is not prepared to offer any certain explanation for this kind of behavioral inertia or Bresistance to change.^A related question to be clarified is acquisition of pica over running days because this might be another case of Bresistance to change.Ô therwise, the strength of discomfort grows by repeated opportunities of wheel running. It is noteworthy that we have once claimed that the opponent-process theory of motivation (Solomon, 1980;Solomon & Corbit, 1974) is applicable to rats' running-based place avoidance (Masaki & Nakajima, 2008), where we speculated that repeated experience of running might evoke a initially large but gradually dwindling unpleasant physiological state as the Ba-process^and a secondary but gradually developing pleasant state as the Bb-process.^The acquisition of pica across days, however, might demand inversion of the hedonic polarities of the opponent processes induced by running. In this framework, the acquisition of pica reflects development of the unpleasant nausea state across days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Nakajima

2017

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Running in an activity wheel generates pica behavior (kaolin clay intake) in rats. Wheel running also results in Pavlovian conditioned avoidance of the taste solution consumed immediately before the running. Since pica has been considered a behavioral marker of nausea in rats, these findings suggest that wheel running induces nausea, which is the underlying physiological state for establishing taste avoidance. This article reports a replication of running-based pica in rats (Experiment 1) and concurrent demonstrations of running-based pica and taste avoidance in the same animals (Experiments 2 and 3). Also shown is that pica does not alleviate running-based taste avoidance (Experiment 3). Another finding is that pica is generated by a nausea-inducing lithium chloride injection but not by a pain-inducing hypertonic saline injection (Experiment 4). These results, when taken together, support the hypothesis that pica behavior generated by wheel running reflects nausea in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Nakajima

2017

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“…a food reward, or a painful stimulus) [ 15 ]. The CPP test has also been used for assessing conditioning effects of other stimuli relevant from an animal welfare perspective, such as access to a running wheel in rats [ 16 ] and aversive stimuli in chickens [ 17 ]. Chickens also develop a CPP in response to food [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for reduced fear in red junglefowl changes brain composition and affects fear memory

Katajamaa

Jensen

2020

R. Soc. open sci.

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Brain size reduction is a common trait in domesticated species when compared to wild conspecifics. This reduction can happen through changes in individual brain regions as a response to selection on specific behaviours. We selected red junglefowl for 10 generations for diverging levels of fear towards humans and measured brain size and composition as well as habituation learning and conditioned place preference learning in young chicks. Brain size relative to body size as well as brainstem region size relative to whole brain size were significantly smaller in chicks selected for low fear of humans compared to chicks selected for high fear of humans. However, when including allometric effects in the model, these differences disappear but a tendency towards larger cerebra in low-fear chickens remains. Low-fear line chicks habituated more effectively to a fearful stimulus with prior experience of that same stimulus, whereas high-fear line chicks with previous experience of the stimulus had a response similar to naive chicks. The phenotypical changes are in line with previously described effects of domestication.

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“…Disruptions in lever pressing due to pre-session injections of d-amphetamine or cocaine are similar in both wheel- and sucrose-maintained responding (Belke and Dunbar, 2001; Belke et al, 2005). In addition, Pavlovian procedures show that wheel-activity can produce a conditioned place preference (Belke et al, 2005), conditioned taste aversion (Forristall et al, 2007), and conditioned place avoidance (Masaki and Nakajima, 2008) depending on the temporal sequence of wheel/cue presentation. In aggregate the evidence shows that wheel activity can serve as a competing or substitute reward, which may thereby decrease drug seeking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal inhibitory effects of intravenous d-methamphetamine self-administration and wheel activity in rats

Miller

Vaillancourt

Wright

et al. 2012

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Some epidemiological and cessation studies suggest physical exercise attenuates or prevents recreational drug use in humans. Preclinical studies indicate wheel activity reduces cocaine self-administration in rats; this may, however, require the establishment of compulsive wheel activity. Methods Effects of concurrent wheel activity on intravenous d-methamphetamine (METH) self-administration were examined in male Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats with negligible prior wheel experience. Wistar rats self-administered METH (0.05 mg/kg/inf) under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule with concurrent access to an activity wheel during sessions 1–14, 8–21 or 15–21. Control rats which did not self-administer METH had access to an activity wheel during sessions 1–14, 8–21 or 15–28. Sprague Dawley rats self-administered METH (0.1 mg/kg/inf) under FR1 for 14 sessions with either concurrent access to a locked or an unlocked activity wheel. Results METH self-administration was lower when the wheel was available concurrently from the start of self-administration training in both strains, even though Sprague Dawley rats self-administered twice as many METH infusions and ran one-sixth as much on the wheel compared to Wistar rats. Wheel access initiated after 7 or 14 days had no effect on METH self-administration in Wistar rats. Wheel activity was significantly reduced in these groups compared with the group with concurrent wheel and METH access for the first 14 sessions. Conclusions These data show METH self-administration is reduced by exercise if initiated from the start of self-administration and that prior METH self-administration experience interferes with the value of exercise as a reinforcer.

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Forward conditioning with wheel running causes place aversion in rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Selection for reduced fear in red junglefowl changes brain composition and affects fear memory

Reciprocal inhibitory effects of intravenous d-methamphetamine self-administration and wheel activity in rats

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