Forward error correction for 100 G transport networks

Chang, Fu-Wang; Onohara, Kiyoshi; Matsukawa, Takashi

doi:10.1109/mcom.2010.5434378

Cited by 383 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The pump tone at approximately 192.66 THz and two neighbouring carriers could not be used for data transmission due to strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) background from the pump EDFA. Two more directly adjacent channels exceeded the threshold of 4.5 × 10 −3 , but were still below the BER threshold of 1.5 × 10 −2 for soft-decision FEC with 20 % overhead [31]. Another four channels at the low-frequency end of the C-band were lost due to a mismatch on the transmission band of the C-band filters used to realize the demultiplexer.…”

Section: Transmission Impairments and Data Ratesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…d, Section of the optical spectrum of the WDM data stream. e, Measured bit-error ratios (BER) of the transmitted channels for the single-comb and the interleaved-comb experiment, along with the BER thresholds [31] for error-free propagation when applying forward error correction schemes with 7 % overhead (4.5 × 10 −3 , dashed orange line) and 20 % overhead (1.5 × 10 −2 , dashed blue line), see Methods for details. For the interleaved-comb experiment, the outer 14 lines at the low-frequency edge of the L band were modulated with quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals rather than 16QAM due to the low OSNR of these carriers.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a metric for the comparison, we use the OSNR penalty at a BER of 4.5×10 −3 , which corresponds to the threshold for FEC with 7 % overhead [31]. The results for 40 GBd 16QAM tansmission are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications

Marin-Palomo

Kemal

Karpov

et al. 2017

Nature

1,088

713

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Optical solitons are waveforms that preserve their shape while propagating, relying on a balance of dispersion and nonlinearity [1,2]. Soliton-based data transmission schemes were investigated in the 1980s, promising to overcome the limitations imposed by dispersion of optical fibers. These approaches, however, were eventually abandoned in favor of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) schemes that are easier to implement and offer improved scalability to higher data rates. Here, we show that solitons may experience a comeback in optical communications, this time not as a competitor, but as a key element of massively parallel WDM. Instead of encoding data on the soliton itself, we exploit continuously circulating dissipative Kerr solitons (DKS) in a microresonator [3,4]. DKS are generated in an integrated silicon nitride microresonator [5] by four-photon interactions mediated by Kerr nonlinearity, leading to low-noise, spectrally smooth and broadband optical frequency combs [6]. In our experiments, we use two interleaved soliton Kerr combs to trans-mit a data stream of more than 50 Tbit/s on a total of 179 individual optical carriers that span the entire telecommunication C and L bands. Equally important, we demonstrate coherent detection of a WDM data stream by using a pair of microresonator Kerr soliton combs one as a multi-wavelength light source at the transmitter, and another one as a corresponding local oscillator (LO) at the receiver. This approach exploits the scalability advantages of microresonator soliton comb sources for massively parallel optical communications both at the transmitter and receiver side. Taken together, the results prove the significant potential of these sources to replace arrays of continuous-wave lasers in high-speed communications. In combination with advanced spatial multiplexing schemes [7,8] and highly integrated silicon photonic circuits [9], DKS combs may bring chip-scale petabit/s transceivers into reach.The first observation of solitons in optical fibers [2] in 1980 was immediately followed by major research efforts to harness such waveforms for long-haul communications [1]. In these schemes, data was encoded on soliton pulses by simple amplitude modulation using on-off-keying (OOK). However, even though the viability of the approach was experimentally demonstrated by transmission over one million kilometres [10], the vision of soliton-based communications was ultimately hindered by difficulties in achieving shape-preserving propagation in real transmission systems [1] and by the fact that nonlinear interactions intrinsically prevent dense packing of soliton pulses in either the time or frequency domain. Moreover, with the advent of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), line rates in long-haul communication systems could be increased by rather simple parallel transmission of data streams with lower symbol rates, which are less dispersion sensitive. Consequently, soliton-based communication schemes have moved out of focus over the last two decades. More recently, frequ...

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Section: Transmission Impairments and Data Ratesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications

Marin-Palomo

Kemal

Karpov

et al. 2017

Nature

1,088

713

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“…Even though the P/C values beyond the center of the auto-correlated pulse tends to be larger than 3.2, the P/C value at the pulse center is the most important when the decision is carried out with good synchronization procedure. For this value of Q-factor, the bit error rate could be about 10 -3 which corresponds to forward error correction (FEC) limit [18]. The decoder output waveforms for 24 different decoder WHC codes with fixed SPC of {1, -1, 1, -1} are also calculated and shown in Fig.…”

Section: Simulation Results For 2-d En/decodermentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Simulation of Two-Dimensional OCDMA En/Decoder Composed of Double Ring Add/Drop Filters and Delay Waveguides

Chung

2016

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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A two-dimensional optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) en/decoder composed of four double-ring resonator add/drop filters and three delay waveguides is designed, and a transfer matrix method combined with fast Fourier transform is implemented to provide numerical simulations for the en/decoder. The auto-correlation peak level over the maximum cross-correlation level is larger than 3 at the center of the correctly decoded pulse for most of wavelength hopping and spectral phase code combinations, which assures the BER lower than 10 -3 which corresponds to the forward error correction limit.

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“…The spectral efficiency, i.e., the number of information bits sent in each polarization per symbol period, of these channels can be improved by joint design of modern coding and advanced modulation formats, so-called coded modulation (CM). Forward error correction (FEC) [4] has already become a vital part of optical transport network standards and has evolved in several generations [5]. CM schemes are known [6]- [8] to be superior to conventional FEC techniques with independent FEC and modulation designs, in the sense of requiring less signal power for the same amount of redundancy and the same bit-error ratio (BER).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-Adaptive Coded Modulation for Fiber-Optic Communications

Beygi

Agrell

Kahn

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Rate-adaptive optical transceivers can play an important role in exploiting the available resources in dynamic optical networks, in which different links yield different signal qualities. We study rate-adaptive joint coding and modulation, often called coded modulation (CM), addressing non-dispersion-managed (non-DM) links, exploiting recent advances in channel modeling of these links. We introduce a four-dimensional CM scheme, which shows a better tradeoff between digital signal processing complexity and transparent reach than existing methods. We construct a rate-adaptive CM scheme combining a single low-density paritycheck code with a family of three signal constellations and using probabilistic signal shaping. We evaluate the performance of the proposed CM scheme for single-channel transmission through long-haul non-DM fiber-optic systems with electronic chromaticdispersion compensation. The numerical results demonstrate improvement of spectral efficiency over a wide range of transparent reaches, an improvement over 1 dB compared to existing methods.Index Terms-Fiber-optic communications, four-dimensional set partitioning, non-dispersion managed links, nonlinear channel model, probabilistic shaping, rate-adaptive coded modulation.

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Forward error correction for 100 G transport networks

Cited by 383 publications

References 17 publications

Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications

Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications

Design and Simulation of Two-Dimensional OCDMA En/Decoder Composed of Double Ring Add/Drop Filters and Delay Waveguides

Rate-Adaptive Coded Modulation for Fiber-Optic Communications

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