Forward Modeling of Gravity, Gravity Gradients, and Magnetic Anomalies due to Complex Bodies

Luo, Yao; Yao, Changli

doi:10.1016/s1002-0705(08)60008-4

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nagy (1966) derived the vertical gravity component for a prism for studies of the gravity field, geoidal height and gravity anomalies. This formula has been altered or improved upon by Plouff (1976), Okabe (1979), Yao and Changli (2007) and Gharti et al. (2018), for example.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint inversion of muon tomography and gravity gradiometry for improved monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs

Pieczonka

Schouten²,

Braun

2022

Geophysical Prospecting

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Steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs require an immense amount of energy and water resources, and proper monitoring of steam evolution and depletion patterns is integral to the economic and environmental efficiency of the operation. Muon tomography is a passive sensing technique, which has proven to successfully model density anomalies in a variety of applications but has not yet been applied to the oil and gas field. A previous study simulated muon intensity data to model density changes in a realistic steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoir at 1.25 and 5 years after initial production. The results showed that muon tomography is a promising technique for monitoring steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs with high spatial resolution and over short time intervals of weeks to months. Here we demonstrate the advantage of using vertical gravity gradient data and muon tomography data in a joint inversion to improve the muon‐only inverse models. Forward models for simulated muon and gravity gradient data are jointly inverted for a realistic steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoir at 230 and 130 m total vertical depth at 1.25 years after initial production. Results show that the addition of gravity gradient data helps to constrain the density change models mainly in depth and to a smaller extent laterally. For a sparse muon sensor array of 48 sensors over a 10000.16emnormalm$1000\, \text{m}$ ×$\ensuremath{\times}$ 6000.16emnormalm$600\, \text{m}$ reservoir at 1000.16emnormalm$100\, \text{m}$ depth, the joint inversion using gravity gradient data reduces the difference between the inverse and true model by 12% compared to a muon‐only inversion. The improvement is smaller at 2000.16emnormalm$200\, \text{m}$ depth with 6%. The improvement in resolvability metrics is summarized, and limitations are discussed. The addition of multiple data types in a joint inversion improves the resulting models leading to an overall decrease in model uncertainty which can be used for improved operational efficiency in steam‐assisted gravity drainage operations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint inversion of muon tomography and gravity gradiometry for improved monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs

Pieczonka

Schouten²,

Braun

2022

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…A radio frequency magnetic field vertical to the external magnetic field is employed. If the frequency of RF magnetic field is equal to the transition frequency between two adjacent Zeeman sub-levels, magnetic resonance is presented [6]. When it reaches a new dynamic equilibrium, the intensity of the detecting light is the weakest.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis Of Magneto-optical Resonance Of Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser cesium magnetic sensor system based on MEMS technology

Yang

Kang

Wang

et al. 2010

2010 Academic Symposium on Optoelectronics and Microelectronics Technology and 10th Chinese-Russian Symposium on Laser Physics

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The magnetic field sensor of chip level is attracting more and more attention. In this paper, a laser cesium magnetic sensing system based on micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology was designed. The system was stacked vertically on a silicon chip, with the vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) to pump the absorption chamber between glass and silicon. The magnetic field outside, even very weak, can change the atoms array, and the information of magnetic field therefore is able to be detected by optical pumping. The paper presented the analysis and system design of the laser magnetic sensor system using MEMS technology. The transition process of the particles were calculated and studied. We believe that the magnetic field sensor of chip level will have a wide range of applications.

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“…[5] . Meanwhile, transiting to the 6 2 P 1/2 states of electrons in the experience, about 10 -8 seconds later, will spontaneously jump back to the ground state, while returning to the ground state probability on each level almost equal, so the electronic ground state level on the transitions between Zeeman sub-levels frequency, it will have a magnetic resonance [6] .…”

Section: Cesium (Cs) Theoretical Analysis Of Optically Pumped Magnetimentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser pumping magnetic resonance of theory research based on coherent population trapping

et al. 2010

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In the Λ three-level system, we will make use of semi-classical density matrix method to analyze cesium (Cs) hyperfine structure of coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomenon. Coherent population trapping has been widely used in electromagnetically induced transparency, non-inversion laser, optical storage and ultra-slow speed of light fields, then strong-coupling light and weak detecting light form coherent laser light to change the hyperfine structure energy levels of particles number distribution, which impacts on laser pumping magnetic resonance. In this paper, we will discuss the theoretical analysis and system design of laser pumping cesium magnetometer, cesium atomic energy level formed hyperfine structure with the I-J coupling, the hyperfine structure has been further split into Zeeman sublevels for the effects of magnetic field. To use laser pump and RF magnetic field make electrons transition in the Zeeman sublevels to produce the results of magneto-optical double resonance and on this basis we analyze the influence of laser pumping magnetic resonance based on coherent population trapping.

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Forward Modeling of Gravity, Gravity Gradients, and Magnetic Anomalies due to Complex Bodies

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Joint inversion of muon tomography and gravity gradiometry for improved monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs

Joint inversion of muon tomography and gravity gradiometry for improved monitoring of steam‐assisted gravity drainage reservoirs

Laser cesium magnetic sensor system based on MEMS technology

Laser pumping magnetic resonance of theory research based on coherent population trapping

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