Forward stratigraphic modelling of forced regressions: evidence for the genesis of attached and detached lowstand systems

Ainsworth, R. Bruce; Bosscher, H.; Newall, Mark J.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.172.01.08

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Each high-frequency sequence has a horizontal to falling shoreline trajectory (cf. Ainsworth 1991Ainsworth , 1992Ainsworth , 1994Ainsworth and Pattison 1994;Ainsworth et al 2000;Helland-Hansen and Hampson 2009).…”

Section: Procedures For Classifying Stratigraphic Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6, 7). All of these units are interpreted to have been deposited during horizontal or falling shoreline trajectories (Ainsworth 1994;Ainsworth et al 2000). Thus, it can be considered that the thickness of the ancient foreshore zones can be taken as a proxy for approximate paleo-tidal range.…”

Section: Partial Regressive Modern Analogue: Mitchell River Delta Gumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extensive outcrop belt, combined with significant numbers of wells drilled close to the outcrops that have core and wireline data, provide an excellent natural laboratory in which to investigate the architecture and evolution of a progradational, tide-influenced, marginal marine succession. The outcrops in the Drumheller area have been investigated in sedimentological detail by numerous workers (e.g., Shepheard and Hills 1970;Rahmani 1983Rahmani , 1988Rahmani , 1989Waheed 1983;Saunders and Pemberton 1986;Saunders 1989;Ainsworth 1991Ainsworth , 1992Ainsworth , 1994Ainsworth and Walker 1994;Eberth 1996;Lavigne 1999;Ainsworth et al 2000;Vakarelov et al 2012;Montgomery 2014;Ricci 2014), and a robust allostratigraphic correlation framework has been constructed and tested (Ainsworth 1991(Ainsworth , 1992(Ainsworth , 1994. All workers agree that the study area is an excellent example of a mixedprocess system, whereby evidence of the three key marginal-marine processes-wave, fluvial, and tidal-are clearly expressed in the resulting depositional facies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Architecture and Evolution of A Regressive, Tide-Influenced Marginal Marine Succession, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada

Ainsworth

Vakarelov

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Tide-dominated and tide-influenced clastic depositional environments are typically interpreted to be associated with landward-stepping or transgressive systems. Here, we present an example of an overall regressive succession dominated by high-frequency sequences that exhibit abundant sedimentary and ichnological evidence of tidal processes. These strata comprise the Campanian Bearpaw-Horseshoe Canyon Formation transition exposed near Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. The clastic marine to marginal-marine sediments were deposited in mixed-process (wave-, tide-, and fluvial-influenced) depositional environments along the western margin of a foreland basin. The deposits are subdivided into six relatively thin (10 m on average), high-frequency (, 140,000 years), transgressive-regressive (T-R) sequences (A to F).Outcrop sedimentary logs and hand-held gamma-ray profiles were correlated to subsurface data (4 cored wells and 75 wells with wireline logs) within an area of 22 km 3 16 km in order to generate a 3D geocellular computer model. This model along with paleocurrent data from outcrop were used to analyze the stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the succession.The evolution of the successive T-R sequences was mapped on a subregional scale using the 3D geocellular model. The orientations of the paleoshorelines rotate in a predictable manner during transgression and regression. Transgressive shorelines are oriented approximately S-N and rotate clockwise during regression to approximately SW-NE. The rotations are attributed to the paleogeography of the region, with the study area interpreted to sit on the western flank of a large structurally controlled embayment.The progradational high-frequency sequence set is dominated by tide-influenced strata and clearly demonstrates that tidal deposits can be preserved in both regressive as well as transgressive successions. Tidal influence in this regressive setting is attributed to shallow water depths on a wide shelf, which resulted in amplification of the tidal wave as it moved across the shelf. The embayed character of the coastline may also have augmented this effect. Tidal range is estimated to have been mesotidal to macrotidal. A modern partial analogue for the Horseshoe Canyon systems is identified from the tropical Mitchell River Delta in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia. This delta system is analogous in terms of its tideinfluenced facies, mesotidal range, low-gradient shelf with accompanying shallow water depths, the mixed-process character of its shoreline systems, and its horizontal to falling shoreline trajectory.

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Section: Procedures For Classifying Stratigraphic Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Partial Regressive Modern Analogue: Mitchell River Delta Gumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Architecture and Evolution of A Regressive, Tide-Influenced Marginal Marine Succession, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada

Ainsworth

Vakarelov

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…As shown in the composite relative sea-level curve in Figure 14, the rising limbs of offshore cycles are exaggerated (rapid transgression expressed as the condensed intervals) and their falling limbs are flattened (filling of stable, offshore accommodation space by siliciclastic muds). Because relative sea level is always rising, base level never falls below the sediment surface and there is no time of subaerial exposure, incision, or deposition of lowstand deposits in the offshore setting (Van Wagoner et al 1990;Mitchum and Van Wagoner 1991;Ainsworth et al 2000).…”

Section: From Cyclothems To Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cyclothems to Sequences: The Record of Eustasy and Climate on an Icehouse Epeiric Platform (Pennsylvanian-Permian, North American Midcontinent)

Olszewski¹,

Patzkowsky²

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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The stratigraphic succession of the North American Midcontinent contains a high-resolution (Ͻ 100,000 year) record of sea level and climate change spanning the Pennsylvanian-Permian boundary. Outcrop-based sequence stratigraphic analysis on the upper Wabaunsee, Admire, and lower Council Grove groups in Kansas and Nebraska reveals a hierarchy of fifty-one fifth-order meter-scale cycles grouped into five fourth-order composite sequences. Fifth-order cycles are bounded by subaerial unconformities in nearshore settings and correlative conformities in offshore settings, and are therefore very thin depositional sequences. Lowstand systems tracts, observed only in nearshore deposits, are expressed as sandy, incised-valley fills in these meter-scale cycles. Transgressive systems tracts, which are dominated by carbonate deposition, include coastal evaporites indicating arid climatic conditions. Highstand systems tracts, which are dominated by siliciclastic deposition, include thin but persistent coals in muddy coastal successions indicating humid climatic conditions. Paleosols at sequence boundaries evolve from vertic to calcic, indicating climate change from relatively humid to relatively arid conditions during subaerial exposure. This indicates that relatively arid climate coincided with eustatic lows while relatively humid climate coincided with eustatic highs on this low-latitude platform. Composite sequences are bounded by subaerial, angular unconformities and display a transgressive-regressive stacking pattern of meter-scale cycles. The highresolution stratigraphic record of the Midcontinent helps constrain the rate and magnitude of environmental change in ancient icehouse conditions and can serve as a baseline of environmental change for comparison with other coeval successions.

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“…Progradational shoreface tongues are commonly overlain and truncated by transgressive marine erosion (ravinement) surfaces that modify regressive stratal geometries (e.g. Plint, 1988; Nummedal et al ., 1993; Ainsworth et al ., 2000; Plint and Nummedal, 2000). Ravinement surfaces cut by waves generally have very gentle dips comparable to the coeval shelf (0.01–0.03° in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoreface tongue geometry constrains history of relative sea‐level fall: examples from Late Cretaceous strata in the Book Cliffs area, Utah

Hampson

Burgess²,

Howell

2001

Terra Nova

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Progradational shoreface tongues preserve a near‐complete depositional record of relative sea‐level highstands, falls and lowstands. Two distinct styles of progradational shoreface tongue are examined in an extensive outcrop and subsurface dataset from Late Cretaceous strata of the Book Cliffs area, Utah, representing (i) highstand through attached lowstand progradation and (ii) highstand through detached lowstand progradation. Using this dataset, key geometrical attributes of the shoreface tongues and their internal facies architecture are identified and quantified that enable the reconstruction of relative sea‐level fall history. For example, attached, wave‐dominated lowstand shoreface deposits record a slow (0.2– 0.3 mm yr–1), low‐magnitude (> 14 m) relative sea‐level fall punctuated by minor rises. Detached, weakly wave‐influenced lowstand shoreface deposits record a more rapid (0.4–0.5 mm yr–1), high‐magnitude (> 45 m) relative sea‐level fall synchronous with a marked change in sediment delivery and depositional process regime at the shoreline.

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Forward stratigraphic modelling of forced regressions: evidence for the genesis of attached and detached lowstand systems

Abstract: A complex series of interactions between subsidence, eustasy and sediment supply determine whether a forced regressive shoreface will be physically attached to underlying sandy deposits, or detached and encased in marine mudstone. Using a Shell-

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Architecture and Evolution of A Regressive, Tide-Influenced Marginal Marine Succession, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada

Architecture and Evolution of A Regressive, Tide-Influenced Marginal Marine Succession, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada

From Cyclothems to Sequences: The Record of Eustasy and Climate on an Icehouse Epeiric Platform (Pennsylvanian-Permian, North American Midcontinent)

Shoreface tongue geometry constrains history of relative sea‐level fall: examples from Late Cretaceous strata in the Book Cliffs area, Utah

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