Fossil- and bio-mass combustion: C-14 for source identification, chemical tracer development, and model validation

Currie, Lloyd A.; Klouda, George A.; Klinedinst, Donna B.; Sheffield, Ann E.; Jull, A. J. T.; Donahue, D. J.; Connolly, M.V.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(94)96043-7

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This method is sometimes used to complement or confirm CMB results (41,42). The high cost of analysis has prevented it from being routinely used, and it can be complicated by other noncombustion sources of 14 C such as cooking of food FIGURE 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Airflow Setting on the Organic Composition of Woodheater Emissions

Jordan

Seen

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Fine particle emissions from woodheaters are large contributors to ambient atmospheric pollution in a number of regional centers in Australia. The health impact of woodsmoke is not limited to the particle loading alone, and a wide range of toxic inorganic and organic compounds are also emitted as gases or adsorbed onto particles. The organic composition of woodsmoke was determined from two heater models operated using different airflow settings. Particle emission factors varied between 3 and 36 g per kg dry wood burned, with higher burn rates (open airflow) producing significantly less particle mass per kg wood burned than the low burn rates (closed airflow). Over 90 organic compounds were quantified from the vapor- and particle-phases, including furans, methoxyphenols, and other substituted aromatics, PAHs, maltols, and the sugar levoglucosan. Emission factors for the majority of the particle-phase compounds increased as the airflow was progressively closed, but decreased for some PAHs and other compounds found predominantly in the vapor-phase. Levoglucosan was the single most abundant compound, contributing 5-16% of the total particle mass. Although there was some variation in levoglucosan emissions between heater models, the fact that levoglucosan emissions vary relatively little between airflow conditions for a given heater provides the potential to use it as a general tracer for woodsmoke. In contrast, the mass fractions of many other particle-phase compounds were considerably higher when operated with a closed airflow.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Airflow Setting on the Organic Composition of Woodheater Emissions

Jordan

Seen

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…However, particulate potassium has other emission sources, such as meat cooking [ Schauer et al , 1999] and refuse incineration [ Olmez et al , 1988; Sheffield et al , 1994], which complicate its use as a wood smoke tracer. Isotopically “modern” carbon has also been used as a biomass combustion marker [ Currie et al , 1994; Sheffield et al , 1994], but this too has other sources such as food cooking, cigarette smoking, and the abrasion products from leaf surfaces [ Hildemann et al , 1994]. A better source of possible wood smoke tracers can be found in the over 250 individual organic compounds previously identified in wood smoke [ Fine et al , 2001, 2002; McDonald et al , 2000; Schauer et al , 2001; Simoneit et al , 1993, 2000; P. M. Fine et al, submitted manuscript, 2001a, 2001b, 2001c].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic compounds in biomass smoke from residential wood combustion: Emissions characterization at a continental scale

2002

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[1] Wood smoke in the atmosphere often accounts for 20-30% of the ambient fineparticle concentrations. In communities where wood is burned for home heating, wood smoke can at times contribute the majority of the atmospheric fine-particle burden. Chemical mass balance receptor models that use organic compounds as tracers can be used to determine the contributions of different emission sources, including wood smoke, to atmospheric fine-particle samples. In order for organic chemical tracer techniques to be applied to communities across the United States, differences in wood smoke composition that arise from differences in the type of wood burned in various regions must be understood. A continental-scale accounting of particulate organic compound emissions from residential wood combustion has been constructed which helps to quantify the regional differences in wood smoke composition that exist between different parts of the United States. Data from a series of source tests conducted on 22 North American wood species have been used to assemble a national inventory of emissions for more than 250 individual organic compounds that are released from wood combustion in fireplaces and wood stoves in the United States. The emission rates of important wood smoke markers, such as levoglucosan, certain substituted syringols and guaiacols, and phytosterols vary greatly with wood type and combustor type. These differences at the level of individual wood type and combustion conditions translate into regional differences in the aggregate composition of ambient wood smoke. By weighting the source test results in proportion to the availability of firewood from specific tree species and the quantities of wood burned in each locale, it is possible to investigate systematic differences that exist between wood smokes from different regions of North America. The relative abundance of 10 major wood smoke components averaged over the emissions inventory in different regions of the United States is computed and then used to illustrate the extent to which wood smoke composition differs from region to region in North America.

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“…Currie et al (1994Currie et al ( , 1997 have used the 14 C content of CO, aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for the study of air pollution in various US cities. The remedial measures of air pollution in different urban areas requires knowledge of the contributions from different sources in those areas.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Methods

Verma¹

2006

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Fossil- and bio-mass combustion: C-14 for source identification, chemical tracer development, and model validation

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Airflow Setting on the Organic Composition of Woodheater Emissions

Effect of Airflow Setting on the Organic Composition of Woodheater Emissions

Organic compounds in biomass smoke from residential wood combustion: Emissions characterization at a continental scale

Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Methods

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