FossilCorylopsisandFothergillaLeaves (Hamamelidaceae) from the Lower Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Their Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance

Abstract

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A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA

“…The dating of these sites as "Middle Eocene" has been widely cited in the literature on the Okanagan Highlands floras and faunas (e.g., Wilson 1977c). However, current concepts about Cenozoic geochronology place the EarlyMiddle (Ypresian-Lutetian) Eocene boundary younger than 50 Ma, at 47.8 Ma (Cohen et al 2013), so that even when applying the older K-Ar dates (Hills and Baadsgaard 1967;Read 2000), the majority of the interior British Columbia Okanagan Highlands fossil sites should be considered Early Eocene Moss et al 2005;Radtke et al 2005;Archibald et al 2011;Dillhoff et al 2013;Eberle et al 2014) (Fig. 3).…”

“…Early studies by Berry (1929) and Brown (1935Brown ( , 1937Brown ( , 1939 described Republic fossils, and the site was regarded as conifer-dominated, relatively depauperate, and of Oligocene to Miocene age. Wilf et al (2003Wilf et al ( , 2005 and Radtke et al (2005) considered the Republic flora to be Early Eocene, the latter authors citing an unpublished 40 Ar-39 Ar date of 49.4 ± 0.5 Ma (Fig. 3).…”

“…Hamamelidaceae include leaves of Fothergilla dunthornei and Corylopsis reedae (Radtke et al 2005). Fagopsis (Manchester and Crane 1983) and Fagus (Manchester and Dillhoff 2004) are known from both leaves and fruits, as are two types of elms, Ulmus chuchuanus and U. okanaganensis, described primarily from McAbee by Denk and Dillhoff (2005).…”

Anatomically Preserved Seeds ofCorylopsis(Hamamelidaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan, China, and Their Phytogeographic Implications

“…The genus is known in the fossil record from a combination of leaves, seeds, and pollen but is based primarily on seeds. Leaves assigned to Corylopsis were described from the Eocene of northeastern Washington (Radtke et al 2005). However, Radtke et al (2005) did not accept Wolfe's (1972Wolfe's ( , 1977 leaves from Alaska as belonging to Corylopsis because they considered them to lack the critical diagnostic details of the genus.…”

“…Leaves assigned to Corylopsis were described from the Eocene of northeastern Washington (Radtke et al 2005). However, Radtke et al (2005) did not accept Wolfe's (1972Wolfe's ( , 1977 leaves from Alaska as belonging to Corylopsis because they considered them to lack the critical diagnostic details of the genus. Pollen attributed to the genus has been reported from the Eocene of South Russia (Muller 1981) and from the Miocene and Pliocene of Poland (Stucklik and Shatilova 1987;KohlmanAdamska 1993).…”