Fossil psychodoid flies and their relation to parasitic diseases

Azar, Dany; Nel, André

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762003000900007

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The earliest extant lineage of biting midges was found in 120–122 million years old amber [36]. The oldest sandflies were identified in Lebanese amber that is 135–120 million years old [37], [38]. The evolutionary and fossil studies are in agreement regarding dates of separation of ticks, mosquitoes and Culicoides .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Full-Genome Characterisation of Orungo, Lebombo and Changuinola Viruses Provides Evidence for Co-Evolution of Orbiviruses with Their Arthropod Vectors

et al. 2014

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The complete genomes of Orungo virus (ORUV), Lebombo virus (LEBV) and Changuinola virus (CGLV) were sequenced, confirming that they each encode 11 distinct proteins (VP1-VP7 and NS1-NS4). Phylogenetic analyses of cell-attachment protein ‘outer-capsid protein 1′ (OC1), show that orbiviruses fall into three large groups, identified as: VP2(OC1), in which OC1 is the 2nd largest protein, including the Culicoides transmitted orbiviruses; VP3(OC1), which includes the mosquito transmitted orbiviruses; and VP4(OC1) which includes the tick transmitted viruses. Differences in the size of OC1 between these groups, places the T2 ‘subcore-shell protein’ as the third largest protein ‘VP3(T2)’ in the first of these groups, but the second largest protein ‘VP3(T2)’ in the other two groups. ORUV, LEBV and CGLV all group with the Culicoides-borne VP2(OC1)/VP3(T2) viruses. The G+C content of the ORUV, LEBV and CGLV genomes is also similar to that of the Culicoides-borne, rather than the mosquito-borne, or tick borne orbiviruses. These data suggest that ORUV and LEBV are Culicoides- rather than mosquito-borne. Multiple isolations of CGLV from sand flies suggest that they are its primary vector. OC1 of the insect-borne orbiviruses is approximately twice the size of the equivalent protein of the tick borne viruses. Together with internal sequence similarities, this suggests its origin by duplication (concatermerisation) of a smaller OC1 from an ancestral tick-borne orbivirus. Phylogenetic comparisons showing linear relationships between the dates of evolutionary-separation of their vector species, and genetic-distances between tick-, mosquito- or Culicoides-borne virus-groups, provide evidence for co-evolution of the orbiviruses with their arthropod vectors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Full-Genome Characterisation of Orungo, Lebombo and Changuinola Viruses Provides Evidence for Co-Evolution of Orbiviruses with Their Arthropod Vectors

et al. 2014

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“…Winged insects appeared around 300 Mya, during the Carboniferous. The first hematophagous winged insect was recorded from the Lower Cretaceous, 140 Mya (Azar & Nel, 2003). The separation of primitive winged insects within the Diptera ( Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia ) occurred during the Triassic, more than 200 Mya (Gullan & Cranston, 2000).…”

Section: Parasitism: Hosts and Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania: origin, evolution and future since the Precambrian

Tuon¹,

Neto²,

Amato³

2008

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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This brief review discusses the history of leishmaniasis, considering its origin from the Paleoartic, Neoartic or Neotropic. We reassess some of the theories of the likely origin of this protozoan since the beginning of life on Earth, passing through the Mesozoic and continuing to the appearance of humans. The relationship between this parasite or its ancestors, possible vectors and hosts with regard to ecological modifications is discussed. Recent molecular techniques have helped to elucidate some of the evolutionary questions regarding Leishmania, but have also brought doubts about the origin and evolution of this human parasite. PCR has been used for studies in the new discipline of paleoparasitology, helping to elucidate some of the remaining evolutionary questions. Understanding of this global condition is fundamental in determining the best approach to use against the parasite, specifically for the development of an efficient vaccine.

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“…Current insect fossil evidence indicates that apterygotes originated in the Early Silurian, 434 MYA, and pterygotes in the mid‐Devonian, 387 MYA (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). The fossil records of the family Psychodidae are relatively well documented (Evenhuis, 1994; Azad & Nel, 2003; Andrade Filho et al , 2009). While discussing the fossil sand fly species, Phlebotomites longifilis Hennig and Phlebotomites brevifilis Hennig of the Lower Cretaceous, from Lebanon, Hennig (1972) inferred that the posterior margin of the wing of these fossil species is similar to that of Hertigia and Warileya but doubted that they were real ancestors of the extant phlebotomine taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation of the Oriental phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Ilango

2010

Insect Science

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The historical biogeography of phlebotomine sand fly taxa Hertigia, Warileya, Phlebotomus (Idiophlebotomus), P. (Spelaeophlebotomus), P. (Anaphlebotomus), and P. (Euphlebotomus) and the Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus) argentipes species complex was investigated using phylogenetic inference from comparative genital morphology, distribution of ancestral taxa, fossil evidence and geological age. Idiophlebotomus and Euphlebotomus occur in the Oriental region with one species from northeast Australia, whereas Anaphlebotomus occurs both in the Afro‐tropical and Oriental regions. These disjunct distribution patterns across the Oriental region and the present day distribution are likely to be vicariance due to break of Gondwanaland. Fossil records, extant taxa distribution, phylogenetic analysis of the Old World Phlebotominae and paleogeography suggest that ancestors of Idiophlebotomus and Euphlebotomus originated apparently in the Cimmerian continent of northern margin of Gondwanaland in the early Permian (290 million years ago, MYA) and subsequently radiated in the Mesozoic by tectonic vicariance. The Phlebotomus argentipes species complex occurs in the South and South‐east Asian countries and transmits the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani that causes visceral leishmaniasis (Kala‐azar) in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. The phylogeography of P. argentipes was caused through vicariance followed by dispersal events from 5O MYA (the Eocene) until the Recent era.

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Fossil psychodoid flies and their relation to parasitic diseases

Abstract: Psychodid sand flies are blood-sucking fly vectors of several parasitic diseases. The oldest definitive record of this group is from the Lower Cretaceous amber of

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Full-Genome Characterisation of Orungo, Lebombo and Changuinola Viruses Provides Evidence for Co-Evolution of Orbiviruses with Their Arthropod Vectors

Full-Genome Characterisation of Orungo, Lebombo and Changuinola Viruses Provides Evidence for Co-Evolution of Orbiviruses with Their Arthropod Vectors

Leishmania: origin, evolution and future since the Precambrian

Radiation of the Oriental phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

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