Fossil wood from the Neogene of the Kilyos coastal area in Istanbul, Turkey

Akkemik, Ünal; Akkılıç, Hüseyin; Güngör, Yıldırım

doi:10.1127/palb/2019/0065

Cited by 21 publications

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“…In several works there are comparisons between the fossil evergreen Quercoxylon and/or Lithocarpoxylon species with Quercus ilex – subgenus Lepidobalanus (e.g. Akkemik, Akkılıç, & Güngör, 2019; Mädel‐Angeliewa, 1968; Privé‐Gill, Cao, & Legrand, 2007) or subgenus Quercus section Quercus sensu Denk et al (2017). These comparisons are mainly based on the oaks' categorization in three types according to their wood anatomical characteristics, based on the work by Müller‐Stoll and Mädel (1957) and followed by Hadziev and Mädel (1962), Privé (1975), Gros (1983, 1988), and Selmeier (1986, 1992b): ‘White oak‐type’: with ring porous, closely spaced latewood vessels with thin walls, usually angular in cross‐section, numerous between two rays, with abrupt transition from early to latewood (logs of the mostly deciduous species of subgenus Quercus section Quercus sensu Denk et al, 2017; former Lepidobalanus and Macrobalanus sections of the genus Quercus ), ‘Red oak type’: with ring porous, latewood vessels relatively large, rounded, and thick‐walled (woods from the deciduous subgenus Quercus section Lobatae and some species of subgenus Quercus section Quercus sensu Denk et al, 2017; former sections of Erythrobalanus and Lepidobalanus , respectively), ‘Evergreen oaks’ of the genera Quercus and Lithocarpus , species of ‘sempervirent type’ with diffuse or semi‐ring porous, scanty, and relatively closely spaced vessels with radial pattern (radially oriented) with tendency to form aggregate rays (false rays).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first report of an ‘evergreen Castanopsis type’ wood (Fagaceae) for the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene of Europe (Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad Graben)

2020

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In the present article, the establishment of the species Castanopsis: C. bulgarica Mantzouka, Ivanov, and Bozukov is proposed after the study of a new fagaceous fossil wood stem discovered in 2016 from a new Late Miocene to Early Pliocene plant fossiliferous locality east of Boboshevo town, south‐west Bulgaria. A detailed palaeoxylotomical study of the fossil wood revealed characteristics of the ‘evergreen Quercus type’ (e.g. the gradual porosity of the vessels, the existence of two types of rays: uniseriate and multiseriate aggregate, the oval shape of the solitary vessels outline, the occurrence of tracheids) as well as heterocellular compound‐aggregate rays, typical for Castanopsis. Similarities and differences of the anatomical characteristics/features of the studied specimen with the descriptions of the fossil representatives of Fagaceae (Quercoxylon, Lithocarpoxylon, and Castanopsis) along with its botanical affinities are discussed. A taxonomic list of the Bulgarian fossil fagaceous record of the same age and their nearest living relatives is provided. Emended xylotomical keys with the addition of Castanopsis have been created. Moreover, the presence of evergreen Castanopsis species with heterocellular rays of two distinct sizes in the fossil record of the ‘evergreen oak woods’ is supported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first report of an ‘evergreen Castanopsis type’ wood (Fagaceae) for the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene of Europe (Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad Graben)

2020

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“…Transversal, tangential and radial sections were taken and all microscopic descriptions and photographing were performed on these three sections. The IAWA terminology for coniferous woods (Wheeler et al & Schneider 2006;Philippe & Bamford 2008;Süss & Velitzelos 1994a, b, 2009, 2010Akkemik et al 2016;Blokhina & Bondarenko 2016;Iamandei et al 2016a, b;Wang et al 2017;Bayam et al 2018;Sakala et al 2018;Mantzouka et al 2019;Güngör et al 2019) were used in the descriptions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This record includes petrified woods (e.g. Sayadi 1973;Selmeier 1990Selmeier , 2001Kayacık et al 1995;Akkemik et al 2005Akkemik et al , 2009Akkemik et al , 2017Akkemik et al , 2018Akkemik & Sakınç 2013;Bayam et al 2018;Iamandei et al 2018;Güngör et al 2019), macrofossils (e.g. Kasaplıgil 1977;Denk et al 2017a, b, c;Güner et al 2017) and fossil pollen (e.g., Sancay et al 2006;Yavuz-Işık 2007;Karlıoğlu et al 2009;Akkiraz et al 2011;Bouchal et al 2016Bouchal et al , 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

2020

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A new fossil pine species from eastern Turkey is described and its botanical affinities are discussed. The sample was collected from the city of Kemaliye, Erzincan province, Turkey, and derives from the early-middle Miocene Divriği formation. Transverse, tangential and radial sections were taken from the petrified wood, and its palaeoxylotomical features were investigated. Based on its anatomical features including idioblastic cells in rays a new fossil-species of the genus Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos was identified as Lesbosoxylon kemaliyensis Akkemik & Mantzouka, sp. nov. Diagnostic features of the new species are: Transition from earlywood to latewood mostly gradual; axial and radial resin canals with thin-walled epithelial cells present; latewood tracheids thin to thick walled; bordered pits on radial walls of tracheids 1-2(-3) seriate; crassulae common; rays heterocellular, uniseriate, partly biseriate; uniseriate rays up to 27 cells high; fusiform rays up to 30 cells high; axial parenchyma occasionally present; ray tracheids 2-3 rows; cell walls of ray tracheids smooth; cross-field pitting pinoid, 1-2(-6) pits per cross-field. Detailed investigation of the botanical affinities of the new fossil wood suggested that the most closely related modern species is Pinus canariensis C. Sm in Buch, a relict species from the Canary Islands.

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“…Such fossil forests also exist in Turkey. Studies on petrified in Turkey have increased recently on different geological periods ranging from the Oligocene Era to the Pliocene Era are the main fields of study are the East Thrace Ergene basin (Akkemik et al, 2005), Çamlıdere-Pelitçik village (Akkemik et al, 2009), Seben-Hoçaş village (Akkemik et al, 2016), Güdül (Akkemik et al, 2017), Haymana (Akkemik et al, 2018), Galatya Massive (Bayam et al, 2018), Gökçeada (Güngör et al, 2019) North of Istanbul (Akkemik et al, 2019) and around Kütahya (Akkemik et al, 2019). Fossil trees are generally difficult to come across as a whole, but rather encountered as remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Banaz’da (Uşak) Yeni Bulunan Petrifiye Alanı ile İlgili İlk Bulgular

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Doğa tarihi, paleocoğrafya ve paleoklimatoji açısından önemli olan fosil ormanlara Türkiye'den yeni bir katkı olarak yeni bir fosil orman alanı, Uşak ili Banaz ilçesi batısında, Karatepe, Alan Tepe, Söpseke Sırtı, Sakızocak Tepe, Tuzlagedik Tepe arasında kalan alanda tespit edilmiştir. Bu alanda, 2-60 metre kalınlığındaki Paleojen'e ait silisli lateritik depolar içinde silisleşmiş ağaç fosilleri bulunmaktadır. Geniş bir alana yayılmış durumda bulunan silisleşmiş ağaç fosillerinin boyutları 1,5 m uzunluğuna ve 70 cm çapına kadar ulaşmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, bu silisleşmiş ağaçların tanısını yapmak, fosil orman özelliğini belirlemek ve paleocoğrafik açıdan değerlendirmektir. Araştırma alanından alınan örneklerden makroskobik olarak farklılık gösterdiği değerlendirilen 4 örnekten enine, radyal ve teğet kesitleri alınarak tanı çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda silisleşmiş ağaçların sekoya grubu (Sequoioxylon) olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Günümüzde ülkemizde doğal olarak yayılışı bulunmayan Sequoia tipi ağaçların varlığı bu alanda Paleojen boyunca ılıman iklim koşullarının hakim olduğu bataklık orman ya da dere kenarı vejetasyonunun bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

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Fossil wood from the Neogene of the Kilyos coastal area in Istanbul, Turkey

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

The first report of an ‘evergreen Castanopsis type’ wood (Fagaceae) for the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene of Europe (Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad Graben)

The first report of an ‘evergreen Castanopsis type’ wood (Fagaceae) for the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene of Europe (Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad Graben)

The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

Banaz’da (Uşak) Yeni Bulunan Petrifiye Alanı ile İlgili İlk Bulgular

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