In recent years, cultural instruction has been touted as a way to help foreign language (FL) programs survive and thrive. National disciplinary leaders have argued that a curricular reorientation toward intercultural competency will improve learning outcomes, enhance the strategic position of FL departments, and increase enrollments. The most frequently cited example of this argument is the 2007 Modern Language Association (MLA) report on foreign languages, which asked FL departments to reorganize their curricula around the promotion of intercultural competency. Other prominent examples are the 2008 edition of Profession, which included direct responses to the MLA report