Fotossensibilidade Induzida por Fármacos

Abstract

A fotossensibilidade induzida por fármacos traduz uma resposta cutânea anormal à luz em indivíduos expostos a um fármaco, os quais, na sua ausência, tolerariam o mesmo grau de fotoexposição. Pode ocorrer como uma reação aguda ou retardada, assumindo características clínicas polimórficas que variam desde a queimadura solar exagerada até aspectos de fotoonicólise, pseudo- -porfíria, pigmentação, eczema agudo e lúpus eritematoso cutâneo. Os autores descrevem os fármacos mais frequentemente envolvidos neste tipo de reações e as formas clínicas mais frequentes e discutem o possível contributo destes fármacos na potenciação da fotocarcinogénese. O reconhecimento d estes padrões clínicos de fotossensibilidade e dos fármacos responsáveis é fundamental para a evicção do fármaco causal e consequente melhoria ou resolução da reação de fotossensibilidade.

Drug-Induced Photosensitivity

“…Photoallergy can occur with both topical and systemic formulations (Gouveia et al, 2016). Systemically, it can manifest as an acute eczema diffusely involving the entire face or as erythematous papules and vesicles scattered over photoexposed areas such as the face and back of the hands.…”

“…Nevertheless, the mainstay of treatment is prevention as, in most cases, discontinuation of the photosensitizing drug(s) is not possible. Prevention essentially involves informing and alerting the patient of the possibility of increased skin photosensitivity and advising the adoption of preventive measures such as the use of broad-spectrum sun protection with a protection factor equal to or greater than 30 and the use of physical protection such as hat, sunglasses and protective clothing (Gouveia et al, 2016) (Nahhas, Oberlin, Braunberger, & Lim, 2018). It should also be noted that solar radiation is not the only one involved in photosensitivity.…”

“…Photosensitivity is defined as a sensitivity reaction that occurs between the skin and radiation, which translates into an abnormal skin response (Gouveia, Gameiro, Coutinho, & Gonçalo, 2016). This reaction happens due to the presence in the skin of chromophores of endogenous or exogenous origin (Gonçalo, 2019).…”

“…When photo reactive drugs are involved in the photosensitivity reaction, it is called druginduced photosensitivity reaction. This reaction consists of an abnormal response to radiation in individuals who have been or are exposed to a given drug (Gouveia et al, 2016).…”

“…The list of drugs that can cause photosensitivity reactions depends on geographic and demographic factors, prescription and consumption habits, among others, and has been increasing with the discovery of new molecules (Gouveia et al, 2016). Geographically, epidemiological divergences can be a cause of different prescribing habits.…”