Fouling characteristics of model carbohydrate mixtures and their interaction effects

Effects of nitrogenous substances on heat transfer fouling using model thin stillage fluids

“…Urea was used to model protein sources due to lack of availability of pure corn protein ingredients. Based on work byChalla et al (2015), it was hypothesized that glucose combined with urea would have more rapid fouling characteristics than glucose alone. Urea is a commercial available chemical with high nitrogen concentration (46.7%) and good water solubility (108 g/100 ml water).…”