Fouling mechanism of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane for secondary effluent treatment from paper mills

Techno-economic assessment of a membrane-based wastewater reclamation process

“…UF has been demonstrated to be able to remove suspended solids, turbidity, organic matter, sediments, colloidal substances, microorganisms and certain macromolecules, providing a suitable feed to the RO unit [25][26][27][28]. The aim of the RO unit is to achieve low conductivity permeate water with adequate properties to feed low and medium pressure boilers, and fulfilling the standards established in the Royal Decree 1620/2007 [29] which sets the legal framework for the reuse of reclaimed water in Spain.…”

“…However, after each filtration cycle, the initial TMP value is a bit higher than in the previous cycle, due to internal pore fouling issues. A point is reached where BW is no longer sufficient and CC is required to recover the initial TMP [25]. In this work, the chemical cleaning was activated after 21 filtration cycles, in order to recover the initial TMP value.…”

Synthesis and characterization of ZIF-8-based PVDF mixed matrix membranes and application to treat pulp and paper industry wastewater using a membrane bioreactor

“…5 Several researchers have reported pulp and paper industry effluent treatment with the MBR system. [6][7][8][9] Chen et al 6 reported the application of PVDF membranes for pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment. They 6 observed that PVA-217 caused the membrane pore blockage, and then, by creating Ca 2+ complexes with PVA-217, they effectively decreased membrane fouling.…”

“…[6][7][8][9] Chen et al 6 reported the application of PVDF membranes for pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment. They 6 observed that PVA-217 caused the membrane pore blockage, and then, by creating Ca 2+ complexes with PVA-217, they effectively decreased membrane fouling. Liang et al 7 revealed a unique integrated industrial-scale wastewater treatment.…”

Fabricating novel PVDF-g-IBMA copolymer hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane for treating papermaking wastewater with good antifouling property

“…The materials used for preparing UF membranes determine the efficiency of separation technology (Shen et al 2020;Sun et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020). Commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes exhibit a low surface energy and high hydrophobicity, which facilitates the adsorption of proteins or organics on the pores and surface of membranes (Gao et al 2011;Gao et al 2019;Chen et al 2021). Then, the significantly low permeation flux of fouling PVDF membranes owing to their high filtration resistance has restricted their further application .…”