Foundations of Biophilosophy

Mahner, Martin; Bunge, Mario

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03368-5

Cited by 391 publications

(234 citation statements)

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“…68-69), conceptual knowledge develops from the re-cognition of percepts, as noted by eminent thinkers such as Bunge (Mahner & Bunge, 1997), Damasio (2006), Edelman (Edelman & Tononi, 2000), Lakoff (1987), Llinás (2002), Merleau-Ponty (2002), Piaget (1986), Piaget and Garcia (1989) and Varela (1991). 2 Many authors have tried to explain this 'ascension', notably Piaget (empirical and reflective abstraction leading to adaptation of schemes), Fischer (skills micro-adaptation according to transformational rules, 1980), Karmiloff-Smith (hierarchical representational re-description, 1992), Mandler (perceptual analysis, 1992) and Mounod (hierarchical reflection of 'practical' and 'conceptual' forms, 1993).…”

Section: Concepts Are Constructed From Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Maps: A new model for the analysis of conceptual development, with application to the diurnal cycle

Navarro

2013

International Journal of Science Education

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This paper presents a model of how children generate concrete concepts from perception through processes of differentiation and integration. The model informs the design of a novel methodology (evolutionary maps or emaps), whose implementation on certain domains unfolds the web of itineraries that children may follow in the construction of concrete conceptual knowledge and pinpoints, for each conception, the architecture of the conceptual change that leads to the scientific concept. Remarkably, the generative character of its syntax yields conceptions that, if unknown, amount to predictions that can be tested experimentally. Its application to the diurnal cycle (including the sun's trajectory in the sky) indicates that the model is correct and the methodology works (in some domains). Specifically, said emap predicts a number of exotic trajectories of the sun in the sky that, in the experimental work, were drawn spontaneously both on paper and a dome. Additionally, the application of the emaps theoretical framework in clinical interviews has provided new insight into other cognitive processes. The field of validity of the methodology and its possible applications to science education are discussed.

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Section: Concepts Are Constructed From Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Maps: A new model for the analysis of conceptual development, with application to the diurnal cycle

Navarro

2013

International Journal of Science Education

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“…Apart from that, the cellular function of glucokinase does not reveal much about its biochemical function. It is another assumption of emergent materialism that the specific properties of a system-which also include the laws of nature-can only exist as a whole and not independent (Platonism) of the respective system (for details on emergent materialism, see Mahner and Bunge 1997). In other words, there are no laws in cell biology without cells.…”

Section: Problem Area: Abstractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional biology: a neglected basic discipline of nutritional science

Döring

Schmeißer²

2015

Genes Nutr

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On the basis of a scientific-philosophical analysis, this paper tries to show that the approaches in current nutritional science-including its subdisciplines which focus on molecular aspects-are predominantly application-oriented. This becomes particularly evident through a number of conceptual problems characterized by the triad of 'dearth of theoretical foundation,' 'particularist research questions,' and 'reductionist understanding of nutrition.' The thesis presented here is that an interpretive framework based on nutritional biology is able to shed constructive light on the fundamental problems of nutritional science. In this context, the establishment of 'nutritional biology' as a basic discipline in research and education would be a first step toward recognizing the phenomenon of 'nutrition' as an oecic process as a special case of an organism-environment interaction. Modern nutritional science should be substantively grounded on ecological-and therefore systems biology as well as organismic-principles. The aim of nutritional biology, then, should be to develop near-universal 'law statements' in nutritional science-a task which presents a major challenge for the current science system.

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“…The overarching goal of scientific inquiry is to acquire causal understanding of the phenomena we observe/describe, which also affords opportunities for predictions into the future (Hempel, 1965;Hanson, 1958;Rescher, 1970;Popper, 1983Popper, , 1992Salmon, 1984a;Van Fraassen, 1990;Strahler, 1992;Mahner and Bunge, 1997;Hausman, 1998;Thagard, 2004;Nola and Sankey, 2007;de Regt et al, 2009;Hoyningen-Huene, 2013). As a field of science, we should expect the objective of systematics to be consistent with that of other fields.…”

Section: Why Systematics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Character mapping and cladogram comparison versus the requirement of total evidence: does it matter for polychaete systematics?

Fitzhugh

2014

Mem. Mus. Vic.

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Fitzhugh, K. 2014. Character mapping and cladogram comparison versus the requirement of total evidence: does it matter for polychaete systematics? Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 67-78.The practice of partitioning data for the inferences of phylogenetic hypotheses has become a routine practice in biological systematics. Two popular approaches: (i) mapping 'morphological' characters onto 'molecular' phylogenies, and (ii) comparing 'morphological' and 'molecular' phylogenies, are examined in light of what is known as the requirement of total evidence. Inferences of phylogenetic hypotheses, indeed all taxa, occur by a type of non-deductive reasoning known as abduction. The intent of abduction is to offer at least tentative causal accounts that explain character data. The rational acceptance of abductively derived hypotheses is subject to conditions of the requirement of total evidence as a matter of the evidential support for those hypotheses. It is shown that both character mapping and comparisons of cladograms using partitioned datasets are procedures that severely reduce the credibility of phylogenetic hypotheses. This problem is alleviated by acknowledging the formal structure of the why-questions we ask in relation to character data, for which phylogenetic hypotheses serve as answers.

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Foundations of Biophilosophy

Abstract: The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Cited by 391 publications

References 0 publications

Evolutionary Maps: A new model for the analysis of conceptual development, with application to the diurnal cycle

Evolutionary Maps: A new model for the analysis of conceptual development, with application to the diurnal cycle

Nutritional biology: a neglected basic discipline of nutritional science

Character mapping and cladogram comparison versus the requirement of total evidence: does it matter for polychaete systematics?

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