Foundations of Method

Researching Formal and Informal Learning: From Dichotomies to a Dialogic Notion of Learning

“…The discontinuities between in and out of school learning have been the source of robust scholarship since the early 20th century (Dewey, 1916;Kilpatrick, 1923Kilpatrick, , 1925. In her seminal work, Lauren Resnick (1987) illuminated discrepancies in students' learning across settings, illustrating how school learning is typically characterized by focus on individual performance, symbolic thought, as well as general skills and knowledge.…”

Conceptual Organizers of Early Childhood Curriculum Content

“…Part II, 1934). Many authors wrote about projects (Branom, 1919;Kilpatrick, 1925Kilpatrick, , 1933Kilpatrick, , 1936McMurry, 1921;Snedden, 1916;Stevenson, 1921;Woodhull, 1918) and although Kilpatrick disclaimed responsibility for inventing the term, he is known to be the project method's foremost interpreter (The Activity Movement. Part II, 1934).…”

“…Traditionally one feature of projects that was prominent was the various types of projects. There were four main types of projects purposed, (1) the producers' project where something is created, (2) a consumers project where there is purposeful enjoyment of an experience, (3) a problem project where a problem is solved, and (4) a specific learning project to acquire knowledge or skills (Kilpatrick, 1925;Kilpatrick, Bagley, Boner, Hosic, & Hatch, 1921). A representative definition of a project follows.…”

Book Reviews

“…In education, progressives generally supported interdisciplinary curricula, child-centered methods and a social democratic ethos (Counts [1932(Counts [ ] 1978Curti [1935Curti [ ] 1959Kilpatrick 1925;Rugg 1928). By the progressives' own account, progressivism became the leading theory of education in America during the first half of the twentieth century and "by the end of World War II, progressivism had become the conventional wisdom" in education (Cremin 1961, 328;Graham 1967).…”