“…In convergent support of this formidability representation hypothesis, estimated size and strength are influenced by the possession of weapons (Fessler et al, 2012), cues of the propensity to take physical risks (Fessler, Tiokhin, Holbrook, Gervais, & Snyder, 2014;Fessler, Holbrook, Tiokhin, & Snyder, 2014), individual differences in physical strength , temporary incapacitation (Fessler & Holbrook, Running head: GOD AND FORMIDABILITY 4 2013a), parenthood of vulnerable children (Fessler, Holbrook, Pollack, & Hahn-Holbrook, 2014), risk that sexual assault will result in pregnancy (Fessler, Holbrook, & Fleischman, 2015), racial stereotypes regarding violence (Holbrook, Fessler, & Navarrete, in press), and the leadership quality of enemy coalitions (Holbrook & Fessler, 2013). Of particular relevance to the proposition that representations of supernatural allies can diminish threat-perception when confronting a hostile adversary, the proximity of allies has been found to moderate the envisioned physical formidability of prospective enemies (Fessler & Holbrook, 2013b), as has walking in synchrony with potential allies .…”