Founder population size and number of source populations enhance colonization success in waterstriders

Ahlroth, Petri; Alatalo, Rauno V.; Holopainen, Anne; Kumpulainen, Tomi; Suhonen, Jukka

doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1344-y

Cited by 90 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Some of these other studies are in fact based on experimental tests of the effect of propagule pressure (e.g. Grevstad 1999;Ahlroth et al 2003;Memmott et al 2005; see also Simberloff 2009). For example, Memmott et al (2005) found a positive relationship between propagule size and establishment probability from field experimental releases of the alien psyllid Arytainilla spartiophila.…”

Section: Re-analysis Of the New Zealand Bird Introduction Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Passerine introductions to New Zealand support a positive effect of propagule pressure on establishment success

et al. 2011

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There is growing consensus in the literature on biological invasions that propagule pressure (or a component thereof) is the primary determinant of establishment success in introduced species. However, a recent paper (Moulton et al. Biodiver Conserv 20:607-623, 2011) questions whether this consensus is justified. It argues that the effect of propagule pressure is not general because most of the evidence for it comes from analyses of historical bird data to New Zealand, and, moreover, that both the analyses and the data on which they are based are faulty. Moulton et al. (Biodiver Conserv 20:607-623, 2011) present a re-analysis that fails to find a relationship between establishment success and propagule pressure in New Zealand bird introductions. Here, we show why these criticisms are unjustified. A robust analysis of New Zealand bird data reveals that propagule pressure is indeed positively related to establishment success, and we present a simple population viability analysis to demonstrate why the method adopted by Moulton et al. (Biodiver Conserv 20:607-623, 2011) fails to demonstrate this result. We further show that there is abundant evidence for a relationship between establishment success and propagule pressure in biological invasions outside of historical bird introductions to New Zealand. We conclude that propagule pressure is indeed a primary determinant of establishment success in introduced species.

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Section: Re-analysis Of the New Zealand Bird Introduction Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Passerine introductions to New Zealand support a positive effect of propagule pressure on establishment success

et al. 2011

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“…Individuals are also relatively easy to monitor, because all of their movements occur within streams. Moreover, in most cases individuals move less than 300 m in their lifetime from their natal stream (Ahlroth et al 1999(Ahlroth et al , 2003. Within each river basin lakes represent dispersal barriers to A. najas, because it has a strong preference for relatively rapidly flowing water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced dispersal propensity in the wingless waterstrider Aquarius najas in a highly fragmented landscape

2009

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Dispersal behaviour of animals in fragmented habitats has generated intensive theoretical attention but empirical data on the evolution of dispersal are still relatively scarce. Theory predicts reduced dispersal propensity in small and isolated habitat patches. We tested these predictions in the waterstrider Aquarius najas, a wingless species with special habitat demands. Flightlessness constrains insect dispersal and as a stream specialist A. najas cannot survive on still water. Lakes therefore represent a dispersal barrier for this species. We measured dispersal propensity of the waterstrider A. najas which originated from ten fragmented populations. In the experiment, we transplanted laboratory-grown individuals to the field. We did not find differences between sex in dispersal propensity. However, we found that waterstriders that originated from small and isolated patches moved less than individuals from large and more continuous habitats. This suggests that the cost of dispersal over hostile surrounding habitats may be high. We conclude that a low likelihood of dispersal in A. najas is an adaptation to small and isolated stream habitats.

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“…Unfortunately, these studies have not yet led to a consensus. They have found that demography [16], genetics [15,17] or both demography and genetics [14] can be responsible for initial establishment success (table 1). Subsequent performance of newly established populations depend either on the genetic background of founders [15,17] or on demography and genetics together [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization

et al. 2014

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MS, 0000-0001-7972-9571Colonization success increases with the size of the founding group. Both demographic and genetic factors underlie this relationship, yet because genetic diversity normally increases with numbers of individuals, their relative importance remains unclear. Furthermore, their influence may depend on the environment and may change as colonization progresses from establishment through population growth and then dispersal. We tested the roles of genetics, demography and environment in the founding of Tribolium castaneum populations. Using three genetic backgrounds (inbred to outbred), we released individuals of four founding sizes (2-32) into two environments (natal and novel), and measured establishment success, initial population growth and dispersal. Establishment increased with founding size, whereas population growth was shaped by founding size, genetic background and environment. Population growth was depressed by inbreeding at small founding sizes, but growth rates were similar across genetic backgrounds at large founding size, an interaction indicating that the magnitude of the genetic effects depends upon founding population size. Dispersal rates increased with genetic diversity. These results suggest that numbers of individuals may drive initial establishment, but that subsequent population growth and spread, even in the first generation of colonization, can be driven by genetic processes, including both reduced growth owing to inbreeding depression, and increased dispersal with increased genetic diversity.

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Founder population size and number of source populations enhance colonization success in waterstriders

Cited by 90 publications

References 20 publications

Passerine introductions to New Zealand support a positive effect of propagule pressure on establishment success

Passerine introductions to New Zealand support a positive effect of propagule pressure on establishment success

Reduced dispersal propensity in the wingless waterstrider Aquarius najas in a highly fragmented landscape

The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization

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