“…In some species, inbreeding depression has been shown to lower the potential to deal with stressful conditions (e.g., Armbruster et al, 2000;Larson et al, 2009) and to lead to an increased liability of population extinction (Saccheri et al, 1998;Bijlsma et al, 2000;Wright et al, 2008). In a number of studies, however, no negative effects of inbreeding were reported after recovery from severe population bottlenecks (e.g., Ellegren et al, 1993;Hoelzel et al, 1993Hoelzel et al, , 2002Groombridge et al, 2009), and in some cases invasive species have been shown to thrive despite going through strong bottlenecks (e.g., Hawley et al, 2008;Kalinowski et al, 2010;SchmidHempel et al, 2007). This suggests that there are mechanisms that decrease the fitness costs of inbreeding.…”