Four contexts of institutional oppression: Examining the experiences of Blacks in education, criminal justice and child welfare

Child Welfare Reform: A Scoping Review

“…Other policy suggestions included the need for youth voices in policy decisions [ 64 , 65 ]. Some authors also discussed the need to address systemic disadvantages faced by families involved with child welfare, including poverty, racism, colonialism, and ableism [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. The latter reviews were especially concerned with why certain groups were overrepresented in child welfare, with some review authors detailing systemic bias [ 74 , 75 , 80 ] and others discussing a higher risk for maltreatment due to a range of preventable societal and community risk factors, such as poor housing and experiences of poverty [ 71 ].…”

“…Review authors acknowledged that certain child welfare populations needed to be served better: ethnically and racially diverse families and children [ 67 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ]; families experiencing mental health or substance use concerns [ 53 , 91 , 106 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ]; youth transitioning from care [ 54 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 96 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , ...…”

Black children matter too: Disrupting systemic oppression in education

“…(Sue & Sue, 2016). Systemic oppression may manifest in economic, social, political, and cultural systems (Kelly & Varghese, 2018). Examples may include redlining, voter suppression, and blackface parties held by predominately White fraternities.…”

The Roles of Settings in Supporting Immigrants’ Resistance to Injustice and Oppression: A Policy Position Statement by the Society for Community Research and Action

“…At the organizational level, oppression can be woven into norms and dominant narratives regarding who can do what tasks in the organization (Shpungin et al, 2012 ). At the institutional level, oppression can be seen through the barriers embedded in laws, customs, and practices that mistreat and produce inequities for groups of people (Kelly & Varghese, 2018 ). Indeed, oppression takes many forms and is carried out individually and collectively through political and psychological processes, including categorization, seclusion, and forced separation that creates a dehumanized ‘other’ (Martí & Fernández, 2013 ; Sonn & Fisher, 2003 ).…”