Four decades of pulmonary tuberculosis in deceased South African miners: trends and determinants

Ndlovu, Ntombizodwa; Musenge, Eustasius; Park, Sung Kyun; Girdler-Brown, Brendan; Richards, Guy A.; Murray, Jill

doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104806

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This association between mining and respiratory disease is well described in a range of national and international literature. [13,[26][27][28][29]. Women and male miners appear to be protected from endocrine and metabolic diseases and circulatory system deaths compared to women and men manufacturing laborers and all women and all men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, in the USA, fatal injury rates in mining were found to be four times higher than the average for all industries [7]. In South Africa, studies reported miners to be at increased risk of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [8,9], respiratory diseases [10][11][12][13], and injuries [14][15][16]. In a 2008 mortality cohort study of platinum miners in South Africa, external causes were found to be the second most common cause of death after HIV [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excess Mortality Due to External Causes in Women in the South African Mining Industry: 2013–2015

Wilson

Kootbodien

Naicker

2020

IJERPH

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Mining is a recognized high-risk industry with a relatively high occurrence of occupational injuries and disease. In this study, we looked at the differences in mortality between male and female miners in South Africa. Data from Statistics South Africa regarding occupation and cause of death in the combined years 2013–2015 were analyzed. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated to investigate excess mortality due to external causes of death by sex in miners and in manufacturing laborers. Results: Women miners died at a significantly younger age on average (44 years) than all women (60 years), women manufacturers (53 years), and male miners (55 yrs). There was a significantly increased proportion of deaths due to external causes in women miners (12.4%) compared to all women (4.8%) and women manufacturers (4.6%). Significantly increased PMRs were seen in car occupant accidents (467, 95% confidence interval (CI) 151–1447), firearm discharge (464, 95% CI 220–974), and contact with blunt objects (2220 95% CI 833–5915). Conclusion: This descriptive study showed excess deaths in women miners due to external causes. Road accidents, firearm discharge, and contact with blunt objects PMRs were significantly increased. Further research is required to confirm the underlying reasons for external causes of death and to develop recommendations to protect women miners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Mortality Due to External Causes in Women in the South African Mining Industry: 2013–2015

Wilson

Kootbodien

Naicker

2020

IJERPH

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“…The new study is notable for the robust persistence of the association between the odds of silicosis and tuberculosis at autopsy through the three time periods examined 5. When silicosis status is omitted from the models, the association of duration of employment in gold mining, a proxy of cumulative silica dust exposure, is more clearly seen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Tuberculosis, mining and silica

Ehrlich¹

2018

Occup Environ Med

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“…Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is an age-old problem. RCS is a confirmed human carcinogen ( 1 ), and exposure is also associated with non-malignant diseases such as silicosis ( 2 ) and tuberculosis ( 3 ). Interest in silica has been re-kindled in recent years, perhaps due to novel disease clusters in industries such as mining ( 4 ), and emerging hazards such as RCS-containing manufactured stone counter tops ( 5 ) and fracking ( 6 ) as well as by the recent IARC monograph, and revisions that lowered occupational exposure limits for RCS (e.g., 0.05 mg/m 3 in OSHA and European Union, 0.025 mg/m 3 for ACGIH TLV®).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RCS is a confirmed human carcinogen (1), and exposure is also associated with non-malignant diseases such as silicosis (2) and tuberculosis (3). Interest in silica has been re-kindled in recent years, perhaps due to novel disease clusters in industries such as mining (4), and emerging hazards such as RCS-containing manufactured stone counter tops (5) and fracking (6) as well as by the recent IARC monograph, and revisions that lowered occupational exposure limits for RCS (e.g., 0.05 mg/m 3 in OSHA and European Union, 0.025 mg/m 3 for ACGIH TLV R ). In a time of generally increasing concern about occupational disease, recent studies of the burden of occupational cancer have more precisely quantified the incidence of occupational disease associated with RCS exposure (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Web-Based Tool for Risk Assessment and Exposure Control Planning of Silica-Producing Tasks in the Construction Sector

Davies

Gorman-Ng

2020

Front. Public Health

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We describe the development and implementation of a novel, on-line risk assessment tool for respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure for use in the construction sector. It was motivated by the introduction of new OHS regulation in British Columbia that allowed for the substitution of exposure measurement data with “objective air monitoring data” collected at “equivalent work operations.” This allowance encouraged the introduction of quantitative risk assessment in a notoriously challenging work environment but it was concluded that without assistance, the typical construction employer would struggle to identify, extract, and interpret validate objective data. The tool described here was based on a continually-updatable RCS exposure database, and a predictive regression model based on the database to generate exposure risk estimates. The model was embedded in an adaptive web-based application that can be run on common platforms. The design followed standard web conventions and features so that no specialized training is required for its use. It was designed to be usable by end-users with varying expertise, including non-OHS experts. Users describe the RCS-dust generating task they will perform, and associated control measures. The tool estimates both uncontrolled and controlled task-based exposure concentrations. Using additional information entered by the user, the on-line tool generates an “exposure control plan” or ECP, a legally regulated document for those undertaking work potentially exposing workers to RCS particulate. The development of the tool was a community-based, tri-partite effort of the local OHS regulator, construction employers, and exposure scientists. In addition to being a practical risk assessment tool, the designers wanted it to function as an educational tool, and that it should explore novel methods for exposure data collection and use. The strengths of this approach include the publicly shared updateable database that encourages continuous improvement and illustrates best practices; and the timely and cost effective collection and sharing of exposure data in a value-added manner. It is however limited to a single task per ECP, and only considers exposure to task operators, and not adjacent workers. Currently in BC, users generate up to 3,900 ECP's per year with the tool.

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Four decades of pulmonary tuberculosis in deceased South African miners: trends and determinants

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Excess Mortality Due to External Causes in Women in the South African Mining Industry: 2013–2015

Excess Mortality Due to External Causes in Women in the South African Mining Industry: 2013–2015

Tuberculosis, mining and silica

Development of a Web-Based Tool for Risk Assessment and Exposure Control Planning of Silica-Producing Tasks in the Construction Sector

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