Three new compounds, (5b,9b)-guaia-6,10(14)-dien-9-ol (¼ rel-(1R,3aS,5R,8aR)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,8a-octahydro-1-methyl-4-methylene-7-(1-methylethyl)azulen-5-ol; 1), 6-acetyl-8-methoxy-2,3-dimethylchromen-4-one (¼ 6-acetyl-8-methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; 2), and (2S)-3'-hydroxy-5',7-dimethoxyflavanone (¼ (2S)-2,3-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; 3) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Ligularia macrophylla, together with seven known compounds. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR techniques.Introduction. -Much attention has been focused on the Ligularia (Asteraceae) plants for the long history of use as folk remedies and the abundant sesquiterpenes distributed in this genus. The roots and rhizomes of Ligularia macrophylla (Ledeb.) DC. are used as a Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of tracheitis, phthisis, hemoptysis, cough, and asthma [1]. In the previous reports, fatty acids, polyenes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and eremophilane sesquiterpenes have been isolated [2 -4]. Our preliminary study showed that the AcOEt-soluble fraction from an EtOH extract of the roots and rhizomes of L. macrophylla, a plant growing in the Tianshan mountains of China, exhibited cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) in vitro. This prompted us to investigate its chemical constituents. The phytochemical study led to the isolation and characterization of three new compounds 1 -3, together with seven known ones; however, no isolate showed cytotoxicity (EC 50 > 20 mg/ml). This paper deals with the isolation and structural elucidation of the three new compounds 1 -3.