Four new species of giant weta,<i>Deinacrida</i>(Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Deinacridinae) from New Zealand.

Gibbs, George

doi:10.1080/03014223.1999.9517600

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…talpa (510 bp, 74 and 38 parsimony informative sites with and without outgroups respectively). The distribution of these two species is consistent with their separation by the Alpine Fault in that they occur on either side of it (Gibbs 2001). However, the presence of D. pluvialis in the gap and the low overall genetic distances suggest recent dispersal and speciation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Giant weta (king crickets): species occupy distinct habitats and most have very localized distributions in modern New Zealand, although the scree weta, D. connectens, occurs in alpine sites throughout South Island . A recently described pair of species occurs on either side of the Alpine Fault with D. pluvialis distributed along the axial southern alps to the east of the fault and D. talpa restricted to a mountain range on the north west of the fault (Gibbs 1999). This distribution has been cited as a possible example of Alpine Fault disjunction (Gibbs 2001).…”

Section: Taxamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Older radiations do exist, for instance among Deinacrida (data not shown) but distributions of these taxa tend to show ecological rather than biogeographic patterns of distribution due in part to modern extirpation. Indeed, it is telling that the only species pair in this genus (D. talpa, D. pluvialis) that have a distribution that could be construed as consistent with the Alpine Fault hypothesis (Gibbs 2001) are the most closely related of all Deinacrida.…”

Section: Patterns and Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bridging the "Beech-Gap": New Zealand Invertebrate Phylogeography Implicates Pleistocene Glaciation and Pliocene Isolation

Trewick

Wallis

2001

Evolution

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The existence of areas of lower endemism and disjunction of New Zealand biota is typified by Nothofagus beech trees (hence "beech-gap") and have been attributed to a variety of causes ranging from ancient fault-mediated displacement (20-25 million years ago) to Pleistocene glacial extirpation (< 1.8 million years ago). We used cytochrome oxidase I and 12S mtDNA sequence data from a suite of endemic invertebrates to explore phylogeographic depth and patterns in South Island, New Zealand, where the "beech-gap" occurs. Phylogeographic structure and genetic distance data are not consistent with ancient vicariant processes as a source of observed pattern. However, we also find that phylogeographic patterns are not entirely congruent and appear to reflect disparate responses to fragmentation, which we term "gap," "colonization," and "regional." Radiations among congenerics, and in at least one instance within a species, probably took place in the Pliocene (2-7 million years ago), possibly under the influence of the onset of mountain building. This orogenic phase may have had a considerable impact on the development of the biota generally. Some of the taxa that we studied do not appear to have suffered range reduction during Pleistocene glaciation, consistent with their survival throughout that epoch in alpine habitats to which they are adapted. Other taxa have colonized the beech-gap recently (i.e., after glaciation), whereas few among our sample retain evidence of extirpation in the most heavily glaciated zone.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Taxamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Patterns and Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bridging the "Beech-Gap": New Zealand Invertebrate Phylogeography Implicates Pleistocene Glaciation and Pliocene Isolation

Trewick

Wallis

2001

Evolution

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“…It has been suggested that H. broughi might appropriately be placed in a separate genus (Field 2001). However, at least one morphological character does allow consistent diagnosis of the 2 genera as they are currently known (Gibbs 1999). The ground weta (Hemiandrus) and tusked weta (Anisoura, Motuweta) of New Zealand have a predatory diet and burrowing habit (with one exception) more typical of the family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of New Zealand's tree, giant and tusked weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae): evidence from mitochondrial DNA

Trewick

Morgan‐Richards

2004

Journal of Orthoptera Research

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“…Of the eleven giant wētā species, six are classified as alpine, three of which are obligate alpine inhabitants and restricted to localised regions of the South Island mountains (Morgan- Richards & Gibbs 2001). Deinacrida talpa is known only from the central Paparoa Range, on the West Coast of the South Island (Gibbs 1999), and D. parva survives as a relict in the Kaikoura Ranges of the northern South Island (Gibbs 1998). Each species of giant wētā is specialised to use different alpine microhabitats, ranging from rocky crevices and bluffs, to scree slopes and self-excavated underground burrows (Morgan- Richards & Gibbs 2001).…”

Section: Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of introduced mammalian predators on New Zealand’s alpine fauna

O’Donnell¹,

Weston²,

Monks³

2017

NZ J Ecol

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Alpine zones are threatened globally by invasive species, hunting, and habitat loss caused by fire, anthropogenic development and climate change. These global threats are pertinent in New Zealand, with the least understood pressure being the potential impacts of introduced mammalian predators, the focus of this review. In New Zealand, alpine zones include an extensive suite of cold climate ecosystems covering c. 11% of the land mass. They support rich communities of indigenous invertebrates, lizards, fish, and birds. Many taxa are obligate alpine dwellers, though there is uncertainty about the extent to which distributions of some species are relicts of wider historical ranges. The impacts of introduced mammalian predators are well described in many New Zealand ecosystems, though little is known about the impacts of these predators on alpine fauna. Here we review the importance of alpine habitats for indigenous fauna and the impacts of introduced mammalian predators; and develop a conceptual model explaining threat interactions. Most evidence for predation is anecdotal or comes from studies of species with wider ranges and at lower altitudes. Nevertheless, at least ten introduced predator species have been confirmed as frequent predators of native alpine species, particularly among birds and invertebrates. In the case of the endangered takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri) and rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris), stoats (Mustela erminea) are primary predators, which are likely to be impacting significantly on population viability. We also document records of mammalian predation on alpine lizards and freshwater fish. While the precise impacts on the long-term viability of threatened species have not been evaluated, anecdotal evidence suggests that predation by mammals is a serious threat, warranting predator control. Future research should focus on predicting when and where mammalian predators impact on populations of indigenous fauna, furthering our understanding of the alpine predator guild particularly through adaptive management experiments, and exploring interactions with other threats.

show abstract

Four new species of giant weta,Deinacrida(Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Deinacridinae) from New Zealand.

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Bridging the "Beech-Gap": New Zealand Invertebrate Phylogeography Implicates Pleistocene Glaciation and Pliocene Isolation

Bridging the "Beech-Gap": New Zealand Invertebrate Phylogeography Implicates Pleistocene Glaciation and Pliocene Isolation

Phylogenetics of New Zealand's tree, giant and tusked weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae): evidence from mitochondrial DNA

Impacts of introduced mammalian predators on New Zealand’s alpine fauna

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