2007
DOI: 10.1080/00222930701201279
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Four new species of terrestrial earthworms belonging to the genusAmynthas(Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan with discussion on speculative synonyms and species delimitation in oligochaete taxonomy

Abstract: This paper describes four new species of earthworms, Amynthas shinanmontis sp. nov., Amynthas chilanensis sp. nov., Amynthas bilineatus sp. nov., and Amynthas cruxus sp. nov. from Taiwan. Amynthas shinanmontis is sexthecate and parthenogenetic with individuals with various levels of degeneration of spermathecae and male reproductive organs. It occurs at elevations of 1700-2700 m in the Central Mountain Range in southern Taiwan. Amynthas bilineatus and A. chilanensis are athecate and also parthenogenetic. They … Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…These new species increase the total number of nominal species of terrestrial earthworms in Taiwan to 76 (Tsai et al 2009) and of oligochaetes (aquatic and terrestrial combined) to 106 (Tsai et al 2009;Ohtaka and Chen 2010). During this trip, A. shinanmontis was also found at elevations of 2100-2700 m across the mountain range in Kaohsiung and Taitung counties (Tsai et al 2007) and Amynthas uvaglandularis Shen et al, 2003 was found at 1300-2300 m on the western slope of the Central Mountain Range.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These new species increase the total number of nominal species of terrestrial earthworms in Taiwan to 76 (Tsai et al 2009) and of oligochaetes (aquatic and terrestrial combined) to 106 (Tsai et al 2009;Ohtaka and Chen 2010). During this trip, A. shinanmontis was also found at elevations of 2100-2700 m across the mountain range in Kaohsiung and Taitung counties (Tsai et al 2007) and Amynthas uvaglandularis Shen et al, 2003 was found at 1300-2300 m on the western slope of the Central Mountain Range.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…In the last decade, earthworm research in Taiwan has made rapid progress and 10 new species and two new records have been added to southern Taiwan's earthworm fauna. They are Metaphire puyuma from Taitung County (Tsai et al 1999), Metaphire glareosa from Taitung and Metaphire paiwanna paiwanna from Pingtung , Metaphire yeni from Pingtung , Metaphire feijani from Pingtung (Chang and Chen 2004), Metaphire tahanmonta from Pingtung and Kaohsiung (Chang and Chen 2005), Amynthas nanrenensis and Metaphire paiwanna hengchunensis from Pingtung (James et al 2005), Amynthas cruxus and Amynthas shinanmontis from Kaohsiung (Tsai et al 2007 (Perrier, 1872) from Pingtung (James et al 2005;Shen et al 2005) and Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) from Pingtung and Kaohsiung (James et al 2005). Amynthas shinanmontis is distributed at elevations of 1850-2700 m (Tsai et al 2007), M. tahanmonta at elevations of 500-2500 m (Chang and Chen 2005), A. cruxus at elevations of 900-1700 m (Tsai et al 2007) and M. yeni and M. feijani at elevations more or less around 1000 m Chang and Chen 2004).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The importance of the following statements made by Tsai et al (2007, p. 377) needs to be reemphasized: "Using speculative synonyms with question marks (without reasoning) to deny the specific status of nominal species (Easton 1981;Blakemore 2003;Blakemore et al 2006), and arbitrarily consider parthenogenetic nominal species as reproductively degenerated morphs (Blakemore 2003) to reject their specific status undoubtedly underestimate the biodiversity of the earthworm fauna of Japan, and create confusion in oligochaete taxonomy". Tsai et al (2007) also point out that synonyms with question marks are not the synonym defined by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999, p. 117): "each of two or more names of the same rank used to denote the same taxonomic taxon". Albeit synonyms with question marks are not forbidden by the ICZN, their proliferation is harmful to taxonomy.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The latter three taxa in Ohfuchi (1956) are possibly earthworms native to the Ryukyu Archipelago since they are morphologically distinguishable from the other members of Amynthas with three pairs of spermathecal pores in 6/ 7-8/9. Additionally, Pheretima hatomajimensis from Hatomajima, Iriomote described by Ohfuchi (1957a) was synonymized with A. corticis by both Easton (1981) and Blakemore (2003; with a question mark, in spite of Zootaxa 4496 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press · 317 EARTHWORMS: BIOGEOGRAPHY MEETS TAXONOMY their disparate papilla arrangement around the male porophore (Tsai et al 2007). Also, the reproductive organs of A. hatomajimensis are normal without any sign of degeneration (Tsai et al 2007) and the paired genital papillae on presetal VII-IX often observed in A. corticis are absent from A. hatomajimensis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, all have genital markings in some location, usually near the male pores, but in A. bilineatus there are also several pairs in the pre-clitellar segments. Tsai et al (2007) determined that these three species are in the sheni subgroup of the illotus-group, all of which are athecal. They also argue against the necessity of determining the sexual morphs (H morphs, as in Gates, 1972) related to these species, for describing and naming new parthenogenetic lineages.…”
Section: Systematic Accountsmentioning
confidence: 99%