Four novel sesquiterpenoids with their anti-Alzheimer's disease activity from <i>Nardostachys chinensis</i>

Wu, Pei‐Qian; Yu, Yifan; Zhao, Ye; Yu, Chun-Xue; Zhi, Dejuan; Qi, Feng‐Ming; Fei, Dong‐Qing; Zhang, Zhan‐Xin

doi:10.1039/c8ob02319k

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All-trans farnesol (also named farnesol EE) is commercially available in large quantities at reasonable prices. Recently, the anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of four novel sesquiterpenoids using the C. elegans AD pathological model have been reported (74).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraluminal Farnesol and Farnesal in the Mealworm's Alimentary Canal: An Unusual Storage Site Uncovering Hidden Eukaryote Ca2+-Homeostasis-Dependent “Golgicrine” Activities

Loof

Schoofs

2019

Front. Endocrinol.

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Farnesol, the sesquiterpenoid precursor of the six presently known insect juvenile hormones (JHs) was for the first time chemically identified in 1961, not in JH synthesizing glands or whole body extracts, but in excrements of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. This finding was thought to be irrelevant and remained unexplored. In 1970, it was reported that the fall to zero of the JH titer in both prediapausing adults and in last instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle causes severe malfunctioning of the Golgi system in the fat body, among various other effects. This endomembrane system in the cytoplasm resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways and is required for the processing of secretory proteins. Why the Golgi needs farnesol-like endogenous sesquiterpenoids (FLS) for its proper functioning has also never been further investigated. In 1999, farnesol was found to be a natural endogenous ligand for particular types of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in mammalian cells, a finding that also remained undervalued. Only since 2014 more attention has been paid to the functional research of the "noble unknown" farnesol, in particular to its Ca 2+-homeostasis-related juvenilizing and anti-apoptotic activities. Here, we introduce the term "Golgicrine activity" that addresses the secretory activity of the RER-Golgi system from its role in Ca 2+-homeostasis rather than from its conventional role in mere protein secretion. Golgicrine activity attributes the so far forgotten role of farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids in proper Golgi functioning, and unites the endocrine, exocrine and enterocrine functions of these sesquiterpenoids. This out of the box view may open novel perspectives for the better understanding of particular inflammatory bowel diseases and of neurodegenerative diseases as well, because the early initiation of Alzheimer's disease may possibly result from malfunctioning of the mevalonate-farnesol-cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and thus might be a farnesol-and Ca 2+-homeostasis-dependent Golgicrine issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraluminal Farnesol and Farnesal in the Mealworm's Alimentary Canal: An Unusual Storage Site Uncovering Hidden Eukaryote Ca2+-Homeostasis-Dependent “Golgicrine” Activities

Loof

Schoofs

2019

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Many of them were isolated from the products described above, including β-citronellol and geraniol from Kushui rose essential oil [ 121 ], punicalagin, methyl-urolithin A and urolithin A from pomegranate extract [ 114 ], α-bisabolol from P. gymnospora [ 123 ], dehydroheliobuphthalmin and savinin from P. orientalis seeds [ 103 ], hydroxycitric acid from H. sabdariffa [ 119 ], bilobalide B and ginkgolide C from G. biloba leaf [ 99 ], 7-hydroxycalamenene from Japanese zelkova essential oil [ 122 ], major silymarin components (silybin A, silybin B, 2,3-dehydrosilybin A, 2,3-dehydrosilybin B) [ 126 ], bioactive peptides from “barquillo” [ 125 ], and several compounds isolated from Chinese liquorice root including glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid and its aglycon [ 97 ]. Other compounds were isolated from non-tested products, including several sequisterpenoids (nardochinin A, B, C and D) from the underground parts of Nardostachys chinensis Batal ethanolic extract [ 133 ], sesamin, sesamol and sesamolin from sesame ( Sesamun indicum L.) seeds [ 134 ], oleuropein aglycone from extra virgin olive oil [ 135 ], magnolol from Magnolia genus especies [ 136 ], several sesquiterpene lactones (salcastanins, nubiol, nubdienolide, and nubenolide) from Salvia castanea [ 137 ], otophylloside B from Cynanchum otophyllum L. [ 138 ], betalains from red-beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) [ 139 ], gossypol from cotton plant ( Gossypium arboreum L.) [ 140 ], cyclotides from butterfly pea [ 141 ], resveratrol from red wine [ 142 ] and withanolide A from the root of ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) [ 143 ]. Likewise, some well-known bioactive molecules that can be found in multiple sources such as quercetin [ 144 , 145 ], ferulic acid [ 146 ], caffeine [ 110 ], morin [ 140 ], gallic acid, ellagic acid [ 114 ] and caffeic acid [ 147 ] were also tested in the mentioned assays.…”

Section: Effects Of Natural Products In Caenorhabditis Eleg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bioactive Products and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans Transgenic Models

Navarro-Hortal¹,

Romero-Márquez²,

Osta³

et al. 2022

Diseases

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent, progressive disorder affecting millions of people. Currently, the therapeutics for AD only treat the symptoms. Although they have been used to discover new products of interest for this disease, mammalian models used to investigate the molecular determinants of this disease are often prohibitively expensive, time-consuming and very complex. On the other hand, cell cultures lack the organism complexity involved in AD. Given the highly conserved neurological pathways between mammals and invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful tool for the investigation of the pathophysiology of human AD. Numerous models of both Tau- and Aβ-induced toxicity, the two prime components observed to correlate with AD pathology and the ease of performing RNA interference for any gene in the C. elegans genome, allow for the identification of multiple therapeutic targets. The effects of many natural products in main AD hallmarks using these models suggest promising health-promoting effects. However, the way in which they exert such effects is not entirely clear. One of the reasons is that various possible therapeutic targets have not been evaluated in many studies. The present review aims to explore shared therapeutical targets and the potential of each of them for AD treatment or prevention.

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“…Recently, the potential of some Nardostachys species to alleviate AD-like symptoms in Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathological model was investigated and some compounds can delay AD worm paralysis [ 29 , 77 ].…”

Section: Effect On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Das

Shin

Tundis

et al. 2021

Plants

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Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

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Four novel sesquiterpenoids with their anti-Alzheimer's disease activity from Nardostachys chinensis

Abstract: Nardochinins A–D (1–4), four novel sesquiterpenoids, were isolated from Nardostachys chinensis. Nardochinin B (2) can significantly inhibit the Alzheimer's disease (AD) like symptom of worm paralysis.

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Intraluminal Farnesol and Farnesal in the Mealworm's Alimentary Canal: An Unusual Storage Site Uncovering Hidden Eukaryote Ca2+-Homeostasis-Dependent “Golgicrine” Activities

Intraluminal Farnesol and Farnesal in the Mealworm's Alimentary Canal: An Unusual Storage Site Uncovering Hidden Eukaryote Ca2+-Homeostasis-Dependent “Golgicrine” Activities

Natural Bioactive Products and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans Transgenic Models

Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

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