Four-stage (low-)flow modulation comprehensive gas chromatography⿿quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of recently-highlighted cosmetic allergens

Tranchida, Peter Q.; Maimone, Mariarosa; Franchina, Flavio A.; Bjerk, Thiago Rodrigues; Zini, Cláudia Alcaraz; Purcaro, Giorgia; Mondello, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.002

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The first validated GCxGC‐QMS method dedicated to the quantification of allergens was published in 2007: good linearities, precisions and accuracies were observed . Recently, the capabilities of a GCxGC‐QMS based on a flow modulator were tested with the new allergen list . Large peak widths of 600 ms were observed, which impairs the resolution of adjacent peaks in the second dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine quantification of 54 allergens in fragrances using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐quadrupole mass spectrometry with dual parallel secondary columns. Part I: Method development

Belhassen

Bressanello

Merle

et al. 2017

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The forthcoming extension of the regulated fragrance allergen number is raising a challenge: the previously developed quantification methods need to be drastically improved in terms of rapidity, without altering their reliability. This work describes a procedure based on comprehensive bidimensional gas chromatography, hyphenated with a low-cost quadrupole mass spectrometer (GCxGC-QMS). The second chromatographic dimension was operated in a dual configuration, consisting of two parallel secondary columns, one being connected to the QMS, the other to a flame ionization detector (FID). This not only allowed optimization of the chromatographic gas flows when compared to the usual single second dimension, but it also enabled the use of the FID signal to extend the quantification range from 2 to 10,000 mg/kg. The QMS was used at a low level (2-100 mg/kg), where coelutions are frequent, and the FID was used for the most abundant analytes (100-10,000 mg/kg) with a low risk of significant interferences. To assess the identity and purity of the analyte peak at low level, we propose a strategy and summarize it in a decisional tree. To our knowledge, this represents the first fully developed quantification method based on a GCx2GC-QMS/FID system. In contrast to other methods, it enables the quantification of a wide variety of analytes in fragrances in a single run, without requiring a series of sample dilutions to match the calibration range.KEYWORDS comprehensive bidimensional gas chromatography, fragrance allergens, mass spectrometry, parallel dual secondary column, quantification

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine quantification of 54 allergens in fragrances using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐quadrupole mass spectrometry with dual parallel secondary columns. Part I: Method development

Belhassen

Bressanello

Merle

et al. 2017

Flavour & Fragrance J

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“…The quantification of contact allergens is not new to the GC × GC field: the 24 compounds indicated by the SCCNFP were quantified by using a selected‐ion‐monitoring QMS approach by Debonneville and Chaintreau, and a full‐scan QMS process by Purcaro et al In the latter case, obviously both targeted (through extracted ions) and GQP can be performed. In recent research, Tranchida et al developed an FM GC × GC‐QMS method for determination of the 54 allergens (in commercial perfumes) highlighted by the SCCS . A GC × GC‐QMS chromatogram of a commercial perfume, in which 20 allergens were quantified (using extracted ions), is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Comprehensive 2d Gc Analysis Of Essential Oils and Perfumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many allergens can be easily distinguished by their distinct MS behaviour, while for others (terpenes and groups of isomers) an adequate GC separation step is important. Additionally, such target analytes are often part of a highly complex volatile profile (perfumes) . For such reasons, both the GC and MS steps hold equal importance in such investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of essential oils through comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography: General utility

Tranchida

Franchina

Mondello

2017

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The first description of a comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) elucidation of an essential oil appeared in 2000 (J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 2000;23:208‐214); since then, a variety of investigations have been published also involving complex samples related to essential oils, such as perfumes. In many instances, there was no mismatch between the use of GC×GC, and the analytical scope; on the other hand, in some specific cases the use of GC×GC appeared to be less adequate. The present contribution is focused on the application of GC×GC, within the context of essential oil analysis. Perfumes are also tightly related to essential oils, and so are herein considered. Rather than to describe and critically‐review all the research related to such investigations, attention has been devoted to the general analytical usefulness of GC×GC in the aforementioned application fields, over more established approaches, such as conventional GC and heart‐cutting multidimensional GC.

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“…For example, the European Union (EU) toy safety directive 2009/48/EC stipulates 66 types of fragrance allergens that may exist in toys. In 2012, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) classified 82 compounds as contact allergens, of which 54 are signal chemicals and 28 are natural extracts . EN71‐13:2014 specifies the fragrance allergens in the products such as olfactory board games, cosmetic kits, and gustative games and their limit is 100 mg/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of headspace for GC‐MS analysis of fragrance allergens in wooden children's products using response surface methodology

Wang

et al. 2019

Separation Science Plus

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Residual chemicals in wooden children's products may threaten children's health, but few studies have paid attention to it so far. In this study, a simple and green method was developed for the determination of volatile chemicals, especially the 48 fragrance allergens in wooden children's products using static headspace coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Minimal amounts of sample (20 mg) and acetone solvent (40 μL) were used, and no additional sample pretreatment was performed except for freezing and grinding. Three factors (incubating temperature, equilibration time, pressing pressure) affecting headspace extraction were optimized by response surface methodology to obtain scientific results considering of the interactions among variables. Under the optimum detection conditions, this method was successfully validated for the analysis of fragrances. The proposed method showed limits of quantification within the range of 0.2–20 mg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 79.8 to 115.2%, and the relative standard deviation (n = 5) varied from 0.6 to 9.9%. Moreover, interferences caused by different sample matrices were investigated. The method was further applied to the analysis of 30 commercial wooden samples. Results demonstrated the existence of fragrances in wooden children's products. Benzyl alcohol, trans‐2‐heptenal, eugenol, and isoeugenol were the compounds with high detection rate.

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Four-stage (low-)flow modulation comprehensive gas chromatography⿿quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of recently-highlighted cosmetic allergens

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Routine quantification of 54 allergens in fragrances using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐quadrupole mass spectrometry with dual parallel secondary columns. Part I: Method development

Routine quantification of 54 allergens in fragrances using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐quadrupole mass spectrometry with dual parallel secondary columns. Part I: Method development

Analysis of essential oils through comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography: General utility

Optimization of headspace for GC‐MS analysis of fragrance allergens in wooden children's products using response surface methodology

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