Four Studies on How Past and Current Suicidality Relate Even When "Everything But the Kitchen Sink" Is Covaried.

Joiner, Thomas E.; Conwell, Yeates; Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Kara; Witte, Tracy K.; Schmidt, Norman B.; Berlim, Marcelo T.; Fleck, Marcelo P.; Rudd, M. David

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.2.291

Cited by 304 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Conversely, one may have suicidal desire, but lack the capability to die by suicide. The relative rarity of the intersection of these factors is consistent with the relative rarity of death by suicide (Joiner, 2005;Van Orden, et al, 2008).Impulsivity has also been associated with death by suicide and is one of the most frequently implicated risk factors for engaging in maladaptive behaviors, such as serious self-injury (Anestis, Selby, & Joiner, 2007). However, recent research has shown that although people who attempt suicide tend to be more impulsive than those who do not, the actual act of suicide is generally not done impulsively.…”

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confidence: 69%

“…In previous theories of suicidal behavior, state impulsivity (i.e., impulsivity experienced at a particular point in time) was thought to account for sudden, unplanned suicidal behavior. Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory calls the role of state impulsivity into question, and argues that impulsivity at the time of self-harm is less important than impulsivity exhibited throughout life leading up to suicidal behavior. Here, impulsivity is conceptualized as a trait or personality variable that influences involvement in risky behavior (e.g., substance use, reckless driving, fighting, etc.).…”

Section: Role Of Impulsivity and Suicide Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…theory of suicide is Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory. Importantly, at least 20 empirical studies on this theory have been conducted, and all were supportive (Van Orden, et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With repetition, the pain associated with these experiences decreases, and the more reinforcing aspects increase. Thus, Joiner's (2005) theory proposes that the acquired capability for suicide develops after one has been repeatedly exposed to painful and/or provocative stimuli. A recent study has shown that these painful and/or provocative stimuli include but are not limited to past suicide attempts, self-injecting drug use, non-suicidal self-injury, and exposure to physical violence (Van Orden, et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Revisiting impulsivity in suicide: Implications for civil liability of third parties

Smith

Witte

Teale

et al. 2008

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Previous research and popular conceptualizations of suicide have posited that many suicides are the result of impulsive, "on a whim" decisions. However, recent research demonstrates that most suicides are not attempted impulsively, and in fact involve a plan. Legally, suicide has historically been considered to be a superseding intervening cause of death that exonerates other parties from liability, but currently there are two general exceptions to this view. Specifically, another party may be found responsible for a suicide if that party either caused the suicide or failed in its duty to prevent the suicide from occurring. Both of these exceptions assume that the resulting suicide was foreseeable. Given that recent research has indicated that most suicides are planned, and thereby foreseeable to a certain extent under many circumstances, this article discusses issues of foreseeability as they pertain to litigation involving third party liability for the suicide of university students, prison inmates, and mental health patients. The authors contend that the surest way for universities, prison staff, and mental health practitioners to avoid being held liable for a suicide is to appropriately assess for suicidal intent.Suicide is the third leading cause of death for people aged 15 to 24 and the 11 th leading cause of death overall (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2004). Approximately 30,000 people die by suicide every year in the U.S. Moreover, four times that many people are hospitalized due to injuries sustained while attempting suicide (CDC, 2004). For the purposes of this paper we will use Silverman and colleagues ' (Silverman, Berman, Sanddal, O'Carroll, & Joiner, 2007) definition of a "suicide attempt," which is "a self-inflicted, potentially injurious behavior with a nonfatal outcome for which there is evidence (either explicit or implicit) of intent to die." Suicide is thus a serious mental health issue and public health problem. In the wake of a suicide, loved ones are often left looking for answers. When family members or friends feel something more should have been done for the decedent, they may ultimately try to settle things in a court of law. In fact, the most common type of lawsuit brought against psychiatrists is in regard to patient suicide (Simon, 2002). Furthermore, records from the American Psychological Association's Insurance Trust indicate that of claims closed by 1990, patient suicide was the second most costly claim for psychiatrists and psychologists insured by the company (Bongar, Maris, Berman, & Litman, 1998). As our society has become more litigious, the number of malpractice suits filed against therapists has risen dramatically and will likely continue to rise (Berman, 1986).Although the causes of suicide are complex, they are not mysterious, and in fact are becoming better understood thanks to decades of scientific research. One comprehensive (Van Orden, et al., 2008). According to this theory three proximal, jointly necessary, and sufficient causes must be present befo...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Role Of Impulsivity and Suicide Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Revisiting impulsivity in suicide: Implications for civil liability of third parties

Smith

Witte

Teale

et al. 2008

Behavioral Sci & The Law

Self Cite

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Predictors of Prospectively Examined Suicide Attempts Among Youth With Bipolar Disorder

Goldstein

Ha²,

Axelson³

et al. 2012

Arch Gen Psychiatry

150

123

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Context Individuals with early onset of bipolar disorder are at high risk for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined factors associated with prospective risk for suicide attempts among youth with bipolar disorder. Objective To examine past, intake, and follow-up predictors of prospectively observed suicide attempts among youth with bipolar disorder. Design We interviewed subjects, on average, every 9 months over a mean of 5 years using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation. Setting Outpatient and inpatient units at 3 university centers. Participants A total of 413 youths (mean [SD] age, 12.6 [3.3] years) who received a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder (n=244), bipolar II disorder (n=28), or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (n=141). Main Outcome Measures Suicide attempt over prospective follow-up and past, intake, and follow-up predictors of suicide attempts. Results Of the 413 youths with bipolar disorder, 76 (18%) made at least 1 suicide attempt within 5 years of study intake; of these, 31 (8% of the entire sample and 41% of attempters) made multiple attempts. Girls had higher rates of attempts than did boys, but rates were similar for bipolar subtypes. The most potent past and intake predictors of prospectively examined suicide attempts included severity of depressive episode at study intake and family history of depression. Follow-up data were aggregated over 8-week intervals; greater number of weeks spent with threshold depression, substance use disorder, and mixed mood symptoms and greater number of weeks spent receiving outpatient psychosocial services in the preceding 8-week period predicted greater likelihood of a suicide attempt. Conclusions Early-onset bipolar disorder is associated with high rates of suicide attempts. Factors such as intake depressive severity and family history of depression should be considered in the assessment of suicide risk among youth with bipolar disorder. Persistent depression, mixed presentations, and active substance use disorder signal imminent risk for suicidal behavior in this population.

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Association of Premilitary Mental Health With Suicide Attempts During US Army Service

et al. 2022

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Key Points Question Is premilitary mental health associated with suicide attempts among soldiers who do not receive a mental health diagnosis before their suicide attempt? Findings This cohort study of 21 772 Regular Army enlisted soldiers found that suicide attempt risk peaked at the end of the first year of service for those who did and did not receive a mental health diagnosis. Premilitary mental health risk factors differed in the 2 groups. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that time course and preenlistment mental health status may aid in identifying suicide attempt risk in soldiers with and without a mental health diagnosis.

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Four Studies on How Past and Current Suicidality Relate Even When "Everything But the Kitchen Sink" Is Covaried.

Cited by 304 publications

References 53 publications

Revisiting impulsivity in suicide: Implications for civil liability of third parties

Revisiting impulsivity in suicide: Implications for civil liability of third parties

Predictors of Prospectively Examined Suicide Attempts Among Youth With Bipolar Disorder

Association of Premilitary Mental Health With Suicide Attempts During US Army Service

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