Four-wave mixing in slow light engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguides

Monat, Christelle; Ebnali-Heidari, Majid; Grillet, Christian; Corcoran, Bill; Eggleton, Benjamin J.; White, Thomas P.; O’Faoláin, Liam; Li, J; Krauss, Thomas F.

doi:10.1364/oe.18.022915

Cited by 137 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the PhC waveguide, the FWM conversion efficiency is enhanced proportional to the product of the group indices of the four waves [16], i.e., scaling with n 2 g pump × n g signal × n g idler . If all four waves involved travel at similar group velocities, the conversion efficiency of FWM is enhanced as S 4 (the slow down factor [17][18][19] S ¼ n g =n eff ∼ 10 AE 5% from 1545 to 1561 nm). This enhancement can be used to lower the overall length of the waveguide needed to observe significant FWM [18,19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) incorporates a 96 μm long dispersion engineered PhC waveguide [14]: an air-suspended silicon structure 220 nm thick, with a lattice period of 404 nm, hole radii of ∼230 nm, and row shift parameters [14] s 1 ¼ −50 nm and s 2 ¼ 0 nm (similar to that used to investigate FWM in [18]). It has a low dispersion region (see Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The short length of the nanowire waveguides (see [18]) and the large mode area of the polymer waveguides limits FWM in those sections. By comparing the signal and idler powers, derived by integrating appropriate sections of the measured spectrum at the output of the waveguide [ Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultracompact 160 Gbaud all-optical demultiplexing exploiting slow light in an engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate all-optical demultiplexing of a high-bandwidth, time-division multiplexed 160 Gbit=s signal to 10 Gbit=s channels, exploiting slow light enhanced four-wave mixing in a dispersion engineered, 96 μm long planar photonic crystal waveguide. We report error-free (bit error rate< 10 −9 ) operation of all 16 demultiplexed channels, with a power penalty of 2:2-2:4 dB, highlighting the potential of these structures as a platform for ultracompact all-optical nonlinear processes.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultracompact 160 Gbaud all-optical demultiplexing exploiting slow light in an engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To this end, one approach is to confine light inside an optical cavity for as long as possible-a domain in which silicon photonic crystal (PhC) devices have demonstrated truly outstanding properties [1][2][3][4], with quality factors exceeding one million in cavities with modal volumes of the order of the cube of the resonance wavelength in the optical medium. A different approach-better suited for some applications [5]-involves slowing down the light propagation in a one-dimensional structure engineered for a low group velocity where, again, silicon PhCs have led to impressive results [6], particularly in line-defect waveguide systems [7][8][9][10] and in coupled-cavity waveguides (CCWs, also called coupled-resonator optical waveguides) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The waveguides are straightforward to fabricate and can be used in a variety of applications, including highbit-rate optical storage (very short pulses can be used due to the large bandwidth) [6,16], enhanced nonlinear effects like fourwave mixing (e.g., for entangled photon pair generation) [10,17,30] and third-harmonic generation [9,31], and enhanced radiative coupling between distant quantum dots for quantum information processing [32,33]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-band slow light in compact photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguides

Minkov

Savona

2015

Optica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Slow light has a variety of applications, in particular for enhanced nonlinear effects like four-wave mixing and highharmonic generation. Here, we propose a photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide with an ultracompact arrangement of the constituent cavities in the propagation direction, and use an optimization algorithm to tune several structural parameters to engineer slow light with a constant group index n g over a wide bandwidth. We propose several specific silicon designs, including one with n g ≈ 37 over a 20 nm wavelength range and another one with n g ≈ 116 over an 8.8 nm band, which yields a group index-bandwidth product of 0.66-a record value among all slow-light devices. The design is experimentally beneficial because of its small footprint and straightforward fabrication and could find applications in optical storage or switching, and in generating quantum states of light.

show abstract

Efficient and Broadband Four‐Wave Mixing in a Compact Silicon Subwavelength Nanohole Waveguide

Yang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective scheme by using a compact silicon subwavelength nanohole waveguide, which possesses a broadband and low-loss transmission. As the subwavelength nanoholes are periodically distributed along the silicon waveguide, the optical properties of this artificial material, such as the effective refraction index, the transmittance and the dispersion, can be engineered by varying the nanohole diameter and the period. By this means, an enhanced light intensity in the silicon area can be achieved in the nanohole waveguide, leading to an efficient and broadband FWM process. The mechanism we propose in this paper is different from the slow-wave effect reported in previous papers, [13,14] which enhanced the conversion efficiencies in 1D periodic photonic structures by leveraging the large group indices near the band edges. The nonlinearity of the silicon nanohole waveguide originates from the enhanced light intensity in the nonresonant silicon waveguide, thus enabling a broadband FWM process. For the nanoholes with a diameter of 100 nm and a period of 300 nm, a FWM conversion efficiency of −26.7 dB is observed in the experiment, showing a 12.5 dB improvement compared to a conventional silicon strip waveguide. Thanks to the broadband transmission and the negligible linear dispersion of the silicon nanohole waveguide, a 3 dB conversion bandwidth of 37 nm is experimentally demonstrated, which is limited by the optical amplifiers employed in the experiment.The proposed silicon nanohole waveguide is schematically illustrated in Figure 1a, which consists of a periodic array of subwavelength nanoholes in the center of the silicon waveguide. The propagation of the light in the waveguide is studied using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. In Figure 1b-d, the cross-section of the silicon waveguide is 480 × 220 nm 2 and the lengths of the silicon waveguide and the nanohole segment are 60 and 50 µm, respectively. The nanohole diameter d = 100 nm is used and kept constant while the period of the nanoholes is varied. The electric field distribution of the Bloch mode is mainly trapped in the air (silicon) area with the period a = 200 nm (a = 300 nm). Based on the previous study, [21] the band edge wavelength is dependent on the nanohole period. The normalized transmission spectra with two periods and different nanohole diameters are shown in Figure 1e,f, respectively. It can be seen that the band edges in both cases are away from the operating wavelengths (C-band) with the nanohole diameters ranging from 60 to 140 nm. Small Confining light in a small volume offers an effective approach to enhance the four-wave mixing (FWM) process. Recently, most efforts are devoted to improve the conversion efficiencies by using resonant structures. As a result, the bandwidths of the FWM conversions are typically limited to 1-2 nm. In this paper, a nonresonant silicon subwavelength nanohole waveguide is proposed to manipulate the field distribution of the propagating wave. The electromagnetic...

show abstract

Four-wave mixing in slow light engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguides

Cited by 137 publications

References 37 publications

Ultracompact 160 Gbaud all-optical demultiplexing exploiting slow light in an engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide

Ultracompact 160 Gbaud all-optical demultiplexing exploiting slow light in an engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide

Wide-band slow light in compact photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguides

Efficient and Broadband Four‐Wave Mixing in a Compact Silicon Subwavelength Nanohole Waveguide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About