Four-Week Supplementation of Water-Soluble Tomato Extract Attenuates Platelet Function in Chinese Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Crossover Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background and AimsPlatelets are linked to atherosclerotic development and pathological thrombosis. Single dose of water-soluble tomato extract (WTE) which is a natural extraction can exert anti-platelet effects after 3 or 7 h in British healthy people. However, the effects of WTE supplementation on platelet function in Chinese healthy middle-aged and older individuals have not been studied, and the effects or safety of 4-week WTE supplementation also remain unclear. The present study aims to determine the effects of WTE on platelet function, and explore the safety of 4-week WTE supplementation in Chinese healthy middle-aged and older individuals.MethodsA randomized, double-blinded, and crossover clinical trial was conducted. Firstly, 105 individuals were randomly divided into two groups that received WTE (150 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks. Then, after a washout period of 2 weeks, two groups exchanged groups and continued for another 4-week intervention. Platelet aggregation, P-selectin, activated GPIIbIIIa, plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were tested at baseline, 4, 6, and 10 weeks.ResultsCompared with the placebo group, 150 mg/day WTE supplement for 4 weeks significantly reduced ADP-induced or collagen-induced platelet aggregation (−10.8 ± 1.8 or −3.9 ± 1.5%, P < 0.05), ADP-induced or collagen-induced platelet P-selectin expression (−6.9 ± 1.5 or −6.6 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05), ADP-induced or collagen-induced activated GPIIbIIIa (−6.2 ± 2.0 or −3.8 ± 2.0%, P < 0.05). Besides, 4-week intervention of 150 mg WTE per day also resulted in significant reductions in plasma PF4 (−120.6 ± 33.2 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and β-TG (−129.7 ± 27.5 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and TXB2 (−42.0 ± 4.0 ng/mL, P < 0.05), while had no effects on coagulation function and liver or renal function. Interestingly, 2-week washout period is enough to reverse the inhibitory effect of 4-week WTE supplementation on platelet function.ConclusionWTE supplementation for 4 weeks could moderately reduce platelet activation, aggregation, and granule secretion in Chinese healthy middle-aged and older individuals, and these effects are safe. After 2-week washout period, the inhibitory effect of 4-week WTE on platelet function can be eliminated.Clinical Trial Registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR-POR-17012927].

Water-soluble tomato concentrate modulates shear-induced platelet aggregation and blood flow in vitro and in vivo

“…These adhesion molecules trigger the inflammatory response, characterized by a complex interplay between platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. A previous study showed that the WSTC supplementation for 4 weeks could moderately reduce platelet activation, aggregation, and granule secretion in older individuals with low shear rates (38). Together with our study, both represented a similar opinion of maintaining normal platelet aggregation which is good for healthy blood flow and vice versa.…”

Vascular and Platelet Effects of Tomato Soffritto Intake in Overweight and Obese Subjects

“…In a double-blinded crossover study in healthy humans, it was evidenced that the consumption of tomato supplements in drink format led to a significant reduction in ex vivo platelet aggregation after 3 h [18]. In another study, it was found that a 150 mg/day watersoluble tomato extract supplement for four weeks significantly reduced ADP-induced or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in healthy middle-aged and older individuals [17]. The favorable impact of fresh tomatoes or tomato-base products on platelet aggregation is contingent upon their adequate presence of bioactive compounds (such as lycopene, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and vitamin E) [38].…”

“…To date, scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of tomato-base products on CVD and platelet aggregation has been demonstrated in in vitro [18,[35][36][37] and in vivo [17,35] studies. In a double-blinded crossover study in healthy humans, it was evidenced that the consumption of tomato supplements in drink format led to a significant reduction in ex vivo platelet aggregation after 3 h [18].…”

“…Other cardiovascular health benefits such as inhibition of platelet aggregation have also been at-tributed to the intake of tomato or tomato-based products. The antiplatelet aggregation effect was demonstrated in healthy humans after water-soluble tomato extract [17] and tomato extract [18,19]. However, a lingering research gap pertains to the impact of soffritto consumption on the inhibition of platelet aggregation in populations with obesity and overweight.…”