Four-year assessment of ambient particulate matter and trace gases in the Delhi-NCR region of India

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural residential soils, levels, composition profiles, source identification and health risk & hazard

“…The observed composition profiles of PAHs suggested diesel-powered vehicles emission and biomass combustions as major sources of PAHs [33]. Similar sources of PAHs are reported for different environmental matrices in Delhi [22,24,25]. However, with the limitations of sampling during summer season, these observations may be varied with different seasons.…”

“…3, Table S5), indicating pyrogenic processes as major sources of PAHs [41]. Various pyrogenic sources for air particles in Delhi are reported from vehicular emissions, construction activities, diesel engines, power plants, industries and biomass burning [24,25].…”

“…In terms of particulate, Delhi was listed among the foremost polluted cities. The amount of particulate in Delhi air varied seasonally and greatly influenced by environmental conditions [24]. The main sources of air pollution in Delhi are reported because of local sources, including long range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of pollutants [25].…”

Temporary reduction in fine particulate matter due to ‘anthropogenic emissions switch-off’ during COVID-19 lockdown in Indian cities

“…For example, 77% of the Indian population in 2017 were exposed to annual mean ambient PM 2.5 concentrations of more than 40 μg m − ³ ( ICMR-PHFI-IHME, 2017 ). PM 2.5 is predominantly generated from vehicle combustion engines, residential/industrial fuel burning and secondary aerosol formation ( Guo et al, 2017 ; Guo, Kota, Sahu, & Zhang, 2019 ; Hama et al, 2020 ; Kumar, Gulia, Harrison, & Khare, 2017 ). In India, studies on air quality changes associated with COVID-19 are limited but clearly show an appreciable reduction in criteria air pollutants (e.g.…”

Vehicular PM Emissions and Urban Public Health Sustainability: A Probabilistic Analysis for Dhaka City

“…Therefore, extensive population exposure to that particulate pollution is apparent, risking the overall urban public health standings of the city. Particulate Matter (PM), both coarse (PM 10 -particles diameter ≤ 10 micrometres) and fine (PM 2.5 -particles diameter ≤ 2.5 micrometres) particles, are mainly responsible for respiratory health problems [3][4][5][6][7]. The typical effects of PM exposure include asthma, bronchitis, reduced lung function, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic effects associated with premature mortality [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] when exposed for a longer period.…”