Four years of ozone exposure at high or low phosphorus reduced biomass in Norway spruce

Ottosson, Susanne; Wallin, Göran; Skärby, L.; Karlsson, Per-Erik; Medin, E.L.; Räntfors, Mats; Pleijel, Håkan; Selldén, G.

doi:10.1007/s00468-002-0239-6

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Between container differences were not indicated (data not shown), but limitation in space (the size of the containers was limited due to the exposure sites on the scaffolding) and specifically downward-oriented root growth were observed. Similar growth was also observed in experiments with spruce (Ottossen et al, 2003), where root growth was triggered by a gradient of water and nutrients to produce growth towards the bottom of the pots. Nutrient availability and mycorrhizal colonization (as found in our container-grown beech plants) modulate the longevity of fine roots (Pregitzer, 2003), which is critical to the overall functionality of the root system (Zobel, 2003).…”

Section: Final Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

CASIROZ: Root Parameters and Types of Ectomycorrhiza of Young Beech Plants Exposed to Different Ozone and Light Regimes

Železnik¹,

Hrenko²,

Then³

et al. 2007

Plant Biology

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Tropospheric ozone (O(3)) triggers physiological changes in leaves that affect carbon source strength leading to decreased carbon allocation below-ground, thus affecting roots and root symbionts. The effects of O(3) depend on the maturity-related physiological state of the plant, therefore adult and young forest trees might react differently. To test the applicability of young beech plants for studying the effects of O(3) on forest trees and forest stands, beech seedlings were planted in containers and exposed for two years in the Kranzberg forest FACOS experiment (Free-Air Canopy O(3) Exposure System, http://www.casiroz.de ) to enhanced ozone concentration regime (ambient [control] and double ambient concentration, not exceeding 150 ppb) under different light conditions (sun and shade). After two growing seasons the biomass of the above- and below-ground parts, beech roots (using WinRhizo programme), anatomical and molecular (ITS-RFLP and sequencing) identification of ectomycorrhizal types and nutrient concentrations were assessed. The mycorrhization of beech seedlings was very low ( CA. 5 % in shade, 10 % in sun-grown plants), no trends were observed in mycorrhization (%) due to ozone treatment. The number of Cenococcum geophilum type of ectomycorrhiza, as an indicator of stress in the forest stands, was not significantly different under different ozone treatments. It was predominantly occurring in sun-exposed plants, while its majority share was replaced by Genea hispidula in shade-grown plants. Different light regimes significantly influenced all parameters except shoot/root ratio and number of ectomycorrhizal types. In the ozone fumigated plants the number of types, number of root tips per length of 1 to 2 mm root diameter, root length density per volume of soil and concentration of Mg were significantly lower than in control plants. Trends to a decrease were found in root, shoot, leaf, and total dry weights, total number of root tips, number of vital mycorrhizal root tips, fine root (mass) density, root tip density per surface, root area index, concentration of Zn, and Ca/Al ratio. Due to the general reduction in root growth indices and nutrient cycling in ozone-fumigated plants, alterations in soil carbon pools could be predicted.

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Section: Final Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

CASIROZ: Root Parameters and Types of Ectomycorrhiza of Young Beech Plants Exposed to Different Ozone and Light Regimes

Železnik¹,

Hrenko²,

Then³

et al. 2007

Plant Biology

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“…Our results are in opposition to several other studies, where a decrease in coarse, medium and fine root biomass with increased pollutant (ozone) load across a gradient (Grulke et al, 1998) was observed. A non-significant decrease of root biomass (Ottossen et al, 2003) or a quick decrease in carbon allocation to roots and subsequent within-one-growing season biomass decrease (Andersen, 2003) has been observed, although in the latter paper the number of short roots remained unaffected (Andersen, 2003). An increase in number of fine roots was observed only by some authors as a transitional response on exposure to low concentrations of O 3 shortly after initiation of the fumigation, while differences were not evident at the end of the experiment (Rantanen et al, 1994;Kasurinen et al, 1999;Andersen, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in the Community of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Increased Fine Root Number Under Adult Beech Trees Chronically Fumigated with Double Ambient Ozone Concentration

Grebenc

Kraigher

2007

Plant Biology

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Forest soils are an important but under-studied part of forest ecosystems. The effects of O(3) on below-ground processes in a mature forest have only received limited attention so far. In our study, we have analysed the community of ectomycorrhizal fungi and beech fine root dynamics over two growing seasons (2003 - 2004) in a 70-year old mixed spruce-beech forest stand, in which two groups of five adult beech trees were either fumigated by 2 x ambient ozone concentration or used as control. The main difference between previous studies and our approach was that previous studies were performed on seedlings in pot experiments or in closed or open top chambers, and not IN SITU, in a mature forest stand. Although beech is a relatively unresponsive species to tropospheric O(3), we found a pronounced effect of 2 x O(3) on the number of vital ectomycorrhizal root tips and non-turgescent fine roots. Both categories of roots were significantly increased when compared to controls in two consecutive years at each sampling event. The number of types of ectomycorrhizae and species richness increased in 2004, but not in the extremely dry year 2003. We hypothesised that the observed changes might be an expression of a transitional state in below-ground succession of niches caused by an O(3) induced effect on carbon allocation to roots and the rhizosphere. We have detected changes in ectomycorrhizal species level, however Shannon-Weavers species diversity index and percentage of types of ectomycorrhizae did not change significantly in any sampling year thus indicating our results cannot be unequivocally explained by summer drought in year 2003 or by O(3) exposure alone.

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“…In Triticum aestivum, under high ozone levels, the quantity and quality of plants also deteriorated [4]. Several researchers reported that biomass in the mainstream plant was reduced under conditions of ozone stress [45,46]. Likewise, in Trifolium repens, the group treated with 120 ppb ozone had a 36% reduction in plant biomass in comparison to the control group, and Triticum aestivum was negatively impacted [39].…”

Section: Plant Growth Variables Affected By Ozone Concentration Treat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ozone Stresses on Growth and Secondary Plant Metabolism of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

Han,

Beck,

Mewis

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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Determining plant responses to hazardous air pollutants is critical in predicting food security programs and challenges in the future. This study aimed to determine the effects of various ozone levels on plant growth responses (leaf area, dry matter, and number of leaves) and biochemical quality (photopigments and glucosinolates) on Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (Pak-Choi). The experiment was conducted within test chambers under different ozone concentrations (60, 150, and 240 ppb for 2 h/day). Leaf area and dry matter were negatively correlated with increasing ozone concentrations, but the number of leaves was not affected by ozone treatment. Lycopene and chlorophylls also showed the same tendency. Even if the ambient ozone concentration was only elevated for a short time, various glucosnilates (GLS) have been diversely affected. The total aliphatic GLS content was reduced. In contrast, the total indole GLS increased at the highest ozone concentration, and the aromatic GLS significantly increased and then decreased as the ozone concentration level increased. These results provide evidence of the strong effect of ozone stress on the plant quality of Pak-Choi with respect to certain secondary plant metabolites. These findings provide an understanding of elevated ozone effects in urban horticulture sites on the growth and metabolite profiling of Brassica plants.

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Four years of ozone exposure at high or low phosphorus reduced biomass in Norway spruce

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

CASIROZ: Root Parameters and Types of Ectomycorrhiza of Young Beech Plants Exposed to Different Ozone and Light Regimes

CASIROZ: Root Parameters and Types of Ectomycorrhiza of Young Beech Plants Exposed to Different Ozone and Light Regimes

Changes in the Community of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Increased Fine Root Number Under Adult Beech Trees Chronically Fumigated with Double Ambient Ozone Concentration

Effect of Ozone Stresses on Growth and Secondary Plant Metabolism of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

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