“…The former include conventional techniques such as the autocorrelation function and the periodogram (Priestley, 1981) and more recent ones such as that discussed by Hecke et al. (2018). The latter include the techniques based on the bivariate distribution function P ( X t ≤ x , X t + τ ≤ y ) or the corresponding bivariate characteristic function (Dette et al., 2015; Hong, 2000; Lee & Subba Rao, 2011; Skaug & Tjøstheim, 1993).…”