Fourier transform infrared and Raman‐based biochemical profiling of different grades of pure foetal‐type hepatoblastoma

Abstract

The biomolecular events resulting from the progression of hepatoblastoma remain to be elucidated. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies are capable of noninvasively and accurately capturing the biochemical properties of biological tissue from its pathological status. Our aim was to probe critial biomolecular changes of liver accompanying the progression of pure foetal hepatoblastoma (PFH) by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Herein, biochemical alterations were both evident in the FTIR spectra (regions of 3100‐2800 cm−1 and 1800‐900 cm−1) and the Raman spectra (region of 1800‐400 cm−1) among normal, borderline and malignant liver tissues. Compared with normal tissues, the ratios of protein‐to‐lipid, α‐helix‐to‐β‐sheet, RNA‐to‐DNA, CH3 methyl‐to‐CH2 methylene, glucose‐to‐phospholipids, and unsaturated‐to‐saturated lipids intensities were significantly higher in malignant tissues, while the ratios of RNA‐to‐Amide II, DNA‐to‐Amide II, glycogen‐to‐cholesterol and Amide I‐to‐Amide II intensities were remarkably lower. These biochemical alterations in the transition from normal to malignant have profound implications not only for cyto‐pathological classification but also for molecular understanding of PFH progression. The successive changes of the spectral characteristics have been shown to be consistent with the development of PFH, indicating that FTIR and Raman spectroscopies are excellent tools to interrogate the biochemical features of different grades of PFH.

Iodine excess induces hepatic, renal and pancreatic injury in female mice as determined by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry

“…Discrimination between control, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 μg/L iodine categories on the basis of raw IR spectra was difficult due to spectral overlap. PCA‐LDA score plots yield excellent spectral separation (Baker et al, 2014; Duan, Li, et al, 2019; Paraskevaidi et al, 2017). To highlight the main biochemical alterations induced by EI, PCA‐LDA was applied to classify EI‐treated versus control categories.…”

“…Visually, this score plot displayed distinct clustering of spectral points of EI‐treated categories, which was away from the control category, indicating obvious segregation. The first five principal components (PC), which accounted for more than 99% of the variance, were selected from principal components analysis (PCA) (Duan, Li, et al, 2019) (Figure S4A). The first and the second principal components (PC1 and PC2), accounting for more than 94% of the total variance, were extracted for LDA analysis.…”

“…The first and the second principal components (PC1 and PC2), accounting for more than 94% of the total variance, were extracted for LDA analysis. Scores of LD1 and LD2 provide the best classification (Duan, Li, et al, 2019). As shown in Figure S4B, all of the EI categories were significantly different from the control category for LD1 and LD2 (all P < 0.001).…”

“…The combination of ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and PCA‐LDA offers the feasibility of capturing biochemical and biophysical properties of tissues and cells (Duan, Li, et al, 2019; Duan, Liu, et al, 2019; Strong et al, 2016). The relative intensity and area of the infrared absorption bands are dependent on the concentration and structure of each absorbing molecule (Duan, Li, et al, 2019; Maitra et al, 2019; Obinaju et al, 2015).…”

“…The combination of ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and PCA‐LDA offers the feasibility of capturing biochemical and biophysical properties of tissues and cells (Duan, Li, et al, 2019; Duan, Liu, et al, 2019; Strong et al, 2016). The relative intensity and area of the infrared absorption bands are dependent on the concentration and structure of each absorbing molecule (Duan, Li, et al, 2019; Maitra et al, 2019; Obinaju et al, 2015). Herein, ATR‐FTIR data the disclosed pronounced separation of different levels of EI‐exposed and control mice liver/kidney/pancreas, indicating obvious differences in the biochemical profiles brought about by EI administration.…”