Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a suitable technique in the study of the materials used in waterproofing of archaeological amphorae

Font, J.; Salvadó, Nati; Butí, Salvador; Enrich, J.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.021

Cited by 84 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The use of waterproofing materials was necessary because the high porosity of the pottery made them permeable and unsuitable to transport liquids, thus providing information about the pottery manufacture and the transported materials like wine or oil due to the remains found in the coatings. [20][21][22][23] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

López-Arce

Zornoza-Indart

Gomez-Villalba

et al. 2013

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Non-desalinated and desalinated fragments of Iberian, Italic and Tarraconensian amphorae sherds, found in different underwater marine environments, were compared to determine both their state of conservation and the decay caused by salt crystallization. Polarizing light and fluorescence optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ion chromatography and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were conducted on the samples. Non-desalinated samples or samples in which desalination was not wholly effective exhibit a variety of signs of degradation, especially in those samples fired at lower firing temperature. Sherds fired at higher temperatures have lower surface area and less connected porosity, which entail a lower absorption of soluble salts containing water and eventually less decay. The composition and texture reached with the firing temperature is a key factor on salt crystallization decay and hence on the durability of these artifacts. This should be taken into account during desalination procedures that have to be optimized in order to be successful.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

López-Arce

Zornoza-Indart

Gomez-Villalba

et al. 2013

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…It is more and more common to find infrared microscopes in laboratories dedicated to the microanalysis of cultural heritage materials. Adequate selection of the samples for analysis is especially challenging given the small quantity of material available from the historic objects [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro infrared spectroscopy discrimination capability of compounds in complex matrices of thin layers in real sample coatings from artworks

Beltrán

Salvadó

Butí

et al. 2015

Microchemical Journal

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The presence of coating on manufactures either to protect them from the environment, or to give them specific properties -as well as simply to change their aspect -has shown to be a constant practise throughout history. Their characterization is complex not only because of the inherent variability and diversity of the composition, but also due to the small amount of sample material available. A methodology to study those coatings using microFTIR is proposed. In some cases the use of microSR-FTIR which heavily increases spatial resolution particularly appropriate for the analysis of these heterogeneous samples is also proposed. Data processing tools such as distribution maps of specific infrared bands and curve fitting facilitate the interpretation of the spectra and help identifying heavily overlapped spectra. Through the identification of individual bands, it has been possible to discriminate materials and comprehend the interaction processes during aging. Infrared spectra from reference aged materials of known production dates and which are essential in understanding those processes are given. A set of selected case studies including materials of different chemical nature and various historical periods are presented: identification of guanine on an inner coating of a hope chest; determination of a protein glue coating from a gilded Baroque altarpiece; assessment of a beeswax superficial application during an historical restoration of a late 19 th century canvas painting; identification of impurities of shellac wax in a shellac coating on a wood moulding from a medieval altarpiece; aging and reaction compounds in Pinus resin, drying oil and green copper pigment mixtures used as colour coatings on Baroque and modern desks.

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“…Spectroscopic studies performed to date including Pyrolysis coupled to GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) [14][15][16][17][18], Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and Raman Spectroscopy [26][27][28][29] among other techniques [30] have been focused on the identification of the Pinus resin by determining its characteristic footprints. Nevertheless, a spectroscopic study of the ageing process is expected to give very valuable additional information since, unlike GC/MS, it can detect macromolecules and it doesn't require any sample treatment such as dissolving or derivatization, to identify how molecular species are organized and which reactions or interactions exist among them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing of resin from Pinus species assessed by infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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Resins obtained from Pinus genus species have been widely used in very different fields throughout history. As soon as they are secreted molecular changes start altering their chemical, mechanical and optical properties. The ageing processes are complex and chemical and structural changes associated to resin degradation are not yet fully known. Many questions still remain open, for instance changes happening in pimaranes, one of the two diterpenoid constituents of the resin.A systematic study of the ageing process of Pinus resins is done through of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) using chemical standards and complementing obtained results with Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis when necessary. Moreover, long-term degradation processes are also investigated through the analysis of a selection of dated historical resins. The study overcomes the limitations of GC/MS and brings new information about the reactions and interactions between molecules during Pinus resin ageing process, providing information about bonds affected and unaffected and can be used as specific markers of the degradation and of the resins themselves.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a suitable technique in the study of the materials used in waterproofing of archaeological amphorae

Cited by 84 publications

References 19 publications

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

Micro infrared spectroscopy discrimination capability of compounds in complex matrices of thin layers in real sample coatings from artworks

Ageing of resin from Pinus species assessed by infrared spectroscopy

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