“…On the molecular level, chemical information regarding the structure and composition of a biological material can be effectively obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Yang et al 2009), and therefore, the application of vibrational spectroscopy is expanding. As described by Noda (Noda 1989), conventional FTIR spectroscopy introduces a relatively slow external perturbation (e.g., electrical, thermal, chemical, mechanical) (Wu et al 2008). Recently, with the development of the IR technique, much progress has been achieved.…”