Fourteen years of anthropization dynamics in the Uapaca bojeri Baill. forest of Madagascar

The Spatiotemporal Changing Dynamics of Miombo Deforestation and Illegal Human Activities for Forest Fire in Kundelungu National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo

“…To dissociate the process of fragmentation from that of dissection, a value of t, derived from the ratio of the total area of a land cover class at the final date to that at the initial date, was compared with the threshold of t = 0.75. Values above 0.75 suggest dissection, while those below or equal to 0.75 indicate the prevalence of fragmentation [58]. To characterise the rate of deforestation within KNP, an annual deforestation rate was calculated using the equation proposed by [59].…”

Trends in forest fragment research in Madagascar: Documented responses by lemurs and other taxa

“…Although every fragmented landscape is unique, the wide variety of fragment metrics employed across examined studies in Madagascar, an unclear distinction between “fragments” and “continuous” forests, and the breadth of tests employed to examine fragmentation's effects, indicate the challenge of working across nonstandardized definitions of fragmentation (Ewers & Didham, 2006; for primates: Arroyo‐Rodríguez et al, 2013). Several studies in this sample explicitly stated the criteria they used to define fragments (Brinkmann et al, 2014; De Haulleville et al, 2018; Steffens & Lehman, 2019), with some attributing definitions to large‐scale land classification methods (Bogaert, Ceulemans, & Salvador‐Van Eysenrode, 2004; Riitters et al, 2002). However, even with carefully defined fragments, the wealth of factors to consider beyond those commonly employed when testing fragmentation (e.g., area and isolation distance), such as the history of the surrounding matrix (Klanderud et al, 2009), measures of internal fragmentation (Cadotte & Lovett‐Doust, 2007), and fragment shape (Watson, Whittaker, & Dawson, 2004b), further complicate the ability to generalize fragmentation's impact (Ewers & Didham, 2006).…”

“…Madagascar itself is characterized by an extensive history of habitat loss and continuing deforestation and fragmentation (Brinkmann, Noromiarilanto, Ratovonamana, & Buerkert, 2014; Harper, Steininger, Tucker, Juhn, & Hawkins, 2007; review of debate regarding deforestation patterns: Schwitzer, Chikhi, et al, 2014), having lost an estimated 44% of its forest cover from 1953 to 2014 and with 54% of its forest within 100 m of the edge by 2014 (Vieilledent et al, 2018). While the anthropogenic processes driving fragmentation in Madagascar have been extensively documented (De Haulleville et al, 2018; Urech, Felber, & Sorg, 2012), Madagascar may have additionally experienced natural fragmentation driven by climate change (in southeastern littoral forests: Virah‐Sawmy, Gillson, & Willis, 2009), potentially resulting in selection for species resilience within heterogeneous landscapes. Reviews of the effects of anthropogenic change across Malagasy taxa reveal largely negative responses (e.g., Knoop, Chikhi, & Salmona, 2018) and a trend toward less‐pronounced effects in Madagascar's dry, western climes, as opposed to its eastern rainforests (Gardner, 2009; Irwin et al, 2010).…”

Quantifying Forest Cover Loss during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Charcoal Production Basin of Lubumbashi (DR Congo) through Remote Sensing and Landscape Analysis

“…In cases where patch number and class area remain constant, a constant total perimeter suggests shift, while a changing total perimeter indicates deformation [58]. To distinguish between fragmentation and dissection processes, the ratio of total areas at different time points was analyzed, with a ratio above 0.75 indicating dissection and a ratio at or below 0.75 indicating fragmentation prevalence [59].…”